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Precursores geoquímicos de la actividad volcánica en el Monte St. Helens, Estados Unidos
Kim Berlo1, Jon Blundy, Simon Turner
1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Rd, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom. Kim.Berlo@bristol.ac.uk
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 16, 2004
Resumen
Los procesos de desgasificación y cristalización antes de las erupciones del Monte Santa Elena influyeron en el estilo eruptivo. Las firmas geoquímicas en el magma revelan décadas y días de desgasificación, lo que indica el estancamiento del magma y la acumulación volátil.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Volcanología Volcanología.
- La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
Sus antecedentes:
- La interacción entre la desgasificación y la cristalización del magma es crucial para comprender las erupciones volcánicas.
- Estudios anteriores establecieron la importancia de estos procesos para la erupción del Monte St. Helens en 1980.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el momento y las características de la desgasificación del magma antes de las erupciones volcánicas.
- Para correlacionar los patrones de desgasificación con los estilos eruptivos utilizando datos geoquímicos.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de oligoelementos, específicamente de litio.
- Medición de isótopos radiactivos de corta duración, incluidos el plomo-210 y el radio-226.
- Interpretación de las firmas geoquímicas dentro del magma.
Principales resultados:
- La desgasificación se produjo durante largos períodos, desde décadas hasta días antes de las erupciones.
- Las firmas geoquímicas indican que el magma se detuvo dentro del conducto volcánico.
- Este estancamiento condujo a la acumulación volátil y la formación de excesos de plomo 210, señalando la desgasificación en profundidad.
Conclusiones:
- Los patrones de desgasificación son indicativos del estilo eruptivo del Monte Santa Elena.
- El estancamiento del magma y la acumulación volátil son procesos clave que preceden a las erupciones.
- Los excesos de plomo-210 sirven como un marcador geoquímico para la desgasificación del magma.
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