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El lenguaje y el origen de los conceptos numéricos
1Psychology and Cognitive Science, Rutgers University, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854. USA. rgelman@ruccs.rutgers.edu
Resumen
Los seres humanos comparten un sentido básico, independiente del lenguaje, del número con los animales. El estudio explora cómo el lenguaje de contar influye en la cognición numérica y la hipótesis de Whorfian.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Cognitivas Ciencias Cognitivas.
- La lingüística es la lingüística de las lenguas.
- La Antropología Antropología Antropología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La investigación con grupos indígenas amazónicos (Pirahã y Mundurukú) investiga la cognición numérica.
- Explora la relación entre el lenguaje, los conceptos numéricos y las habilidades cognitivas.
- Examina los orígenes de la representación numérica en los seres humanos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel del lenguaje en el desarrollo de conceptos numéricos.
- Determinar si existe en los seres humanos una representación numérica independiente del lenguaje.
- Evaluar la hipótesis de Whorfian con respecto a la influencia del lenguaje en el pensamiento.
Principales métodos:
- Investigación cognitiva intercultural con poblaciones indígenas.
- Análisis comparativo de las habilidades numéricas en hablantes de idiomas con y sin sistemas extensos de conteo.
- Revisión de los marcos teóricos, incluido el determinismo lingüístico y la hipótesis débil de Whorfian.
Principales resultados:
- Los seres humanos poseen una representación numérica independiente del lenguaje, similar a los animales no verbales.
- Esta representación innata exhibe una precisión limitada y una invarianza de escala.
- El alcance de un sistema de conteo influye, pero no determina únicamente, la cognición numérica.
Conclusiones:
- El lenguaje, particularmente el vocabulario para los números, da formas pero no dicta el pensamiento numérico.
- Apoya una visión matizada de la hipótesis Whorfiana, donde el lenguaje influye en la cognición.
- Sugiere una compleja interacción entre las capacidades numéricas innatas y las estructuras lingüísticas.
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