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Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

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Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
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Primary and Secondary Reinforcers01:23

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans
12:09

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Published on: March 19, 2014

Los sistemas neuronales separados valoran las recompensas monetarias inmediatas y retrasadas.

Samuel M McClure1, David I Laibson, George Loewenstein

  • 1Department of Psychology and Center for the Study of Brain, Mind, and Behavior, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. smcclure@princeton.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 16, 2004
PubMed
Resumen

Los humanos descuentan las recompensas futuras basadas en el retraso. Las imágenes cerebrales revelan distintos sistemas neuronales para elecciones inmediatas versus retrasadas, con actividad fronto-parietal vinculada a preferir recompensas a más largo plazo.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
  • El proceso de toma de decisiones.
  • La economía del comportamiento es la economía del comportamiento.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La toma de decisiones humana implica elegir entre recompensas inmediatas y retrasadas.
  • El valor de las recompensas futuras se descuenta en función del retraso hasta la entrega.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar los mecanismos neuronales subyacentes al descuento del tiempo.
  • Identificar las regiones cerebrales involucradas en la elección entre recompensas monetarias inmediatas y retrasadas.

Principales métodos:

  • La resonancia magnética funcional (fMRI) se utilizó para observar la actividad cerebral.
  • Los sujetos hicieron elecciones entre recompensas monetarias con diferentes retrasos en la entrega.

Principales resultados:

  • Se identificaron dos sistemas neuronales distintos: uno para las recompensas inmediatas (sistema límbico, sistema de dopamina del cerebro medio) y otro para todas las elecciones intertemporales (corteza parietal prefrontal lateral y posterior).
  • Aumento de la actividad relativa en las regiones fronto-parietales correlacionado con la elección de recompensas retrasadas.

Conclusiones:

  • El descuento de tiempo implica sistemas neuronales separables para procesar la gratificación inmediata frente a la gratificación tardía.
  • El equilibrio de actividad entre las regiones límbica y fronto-parietal influye en las elecciones entre recompensas inmediatas y retrasadas.