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Intervenciones de autogestión para enfermedades crónicas
Stanton Newman1, Liz Steed, Kathleen Mulligan
1Unit of Health Psychology, Centre for Behavioural and Social Sciences in Medicine, University College London, London, UK. s.newman@ucl.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|October 27, 2004
Resumen
Las intervenciones de autogestión empoderan a los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas como la diabetes tipo 2, la artritis y el asma. Los programas eficaces ofrecen orientación, pero garantizar resultados a largo plazo para estas intervenciones de autogestión sigue siendo un desafío clave.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gestión de enfermedades crónicas gestión de enfermedades crónicas
- Intervenciones de autogestión del paciente.
- Psicología de la salud Psicología de la salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Creciente número de intervenciones para el manejo de enfermedades crónicas.
- Estas intervenciones ponen una responsabilidad sustancial en los pacientes, llamadas intervenciones de autogestión.
- Centrarse en la diabetes tipo 2, la artritis y el asma.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar los antecedentes, el contenido y la eficacia de las intervenciones de autogestión.
- Comparar las intervenciones en diferentes afecciones crónicas.
- Identificar los componentes de las intervenciones efectivas.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de las intervenciones de autogestión existentes.
- Análisis del contenido y los objetivos de la intervención.
- Evaluación de la eficacia de la intervención.
Principales resultados:
- El contenido y la intensidad de la intervención varían según los objetivos de la gestión de la enfermedad.
- Se observaron diferencias significativas incluso dentro de la misma categoría de enfermedad.
- Las intervenciones para la diabetes y el asma se centran en el control de la condición; las intervenciones para la artritis abordan el manejo complejo del dolor y la discapacidad.
Conclusiones:
- Las intervenciones efectivas proporcionan orientación para el futuro desarrollo de programas.
- La sostenibilidad a largo plazo de los resultados de las intervenciones de autogestión es un área crítica para futuras investigaciones.
- La comprensión de los objetivos específicos de la condición es crucial para el diseño eficaz de la intervención.
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