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Filogeografía: El olmo inglés es un clon romano de hace 2.000 años
Luis Gil1, Pablo Fuentes-Utrilla, Alvaro Soto
1Departamento de Silvopascicultura, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. lgil@montes.upm.es
Nature
|October 29, 2004
Resumen
El olmo inglés (Ulmus procera) se originó a partir de un solo clon transportado por los romanos. Esta antigua variedad sin semillas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Botánica La botánica es la botánica.
- Genética La genética.
- La historia de la historia de la historia de la historia de la historia.
Sus antecedentes:
- La enfermedad del olmo holandés devastó las poblaciones de olmos europeos en la década de 1970, causando más de 25 millones de muertes de árboles en Gran Bretaña.
- El Ulmus procera, el olmo inglés, fue particularmente afectado por esta enfermedad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los orígenes genéticos y la dispersión histórica del olmo inglés (Ulmus procera).
- Comprender la historia clonal de Ulmus procera y su posible papel en la propagación de la enfermedad del olmo holandés.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos moleculares para analizar la composición genética de las poblaciones de Ulmus procera.
- Incorporó registros históricos para rastrear el movimiento antiguo y el cultivo de esta especie de olmo.
Principales resultados:
- Se confirmó que el olmo inglés se deriva de un solo y antiguo clon.
- Establecido que este clon fue transportado por los romanos de Italia a Gran Bretaña a través de la Península Ibérica para la viticultura.
- Identificó que su eficiente reproducción vegetativa y la falta de producción de semillas la preservaron clonalmente durante 2.000 años.
Conclusiones:
- La uniformidad clonal de larga data del olmo inglés, establecida durante más de dos milenios, probablemente contribuyó a su extrema susceptibilidad y la rápida diseminación de la enfermedad del olmo holandés.
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