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La disminución a largo plazo de la población de krill y el aumento de las salpas dentro del Océano Austral

Angus Atkinson¹, Volker Siegel, Evgeny Pakhomov

¹British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK. aat@ bas.ac.uk

|November 5, 2004

Resumen

La densidad del krill antártico (Euphausia superba) ha disminuido en el suroeste del Atlántico desde la década de 1970, vinculada a la reducción del hielo marino y la disponibilidad de alimentos. Este cambio puede favorecer a las salpas (Salpa thompsoni) en la red alimentaria del Océano Antártico.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología marina ecología marina.
Dinámica de los ecosistemas del Océano Austral
Ciencia de la pesca Ciencia de la pesca

Sus antecedentes:

El krill antártico (Euphausia superba) y las salpas (Salpa thompsoni) son animales de pastoreo clave en el Océano Antártico.
Las poblaciones de krill son cruciales para la pesca comercial y la salud del ecosistema.
Estudios anteriores documentaron la distribución del krill desde 1926-1951, con datos recientes que muestran cambios a corto plazo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para analizar los cambios espaciales y temporales a largo plazo en la distribución del krill y la salpa antártica.
Identificar los factores ambientales que influyen en la densidad y distribución del krill a gran escala.

Principales métodos:

Recopiló y analizó datos de muestreo de redes científicas desde 1926 hasta 2003.
La densidad de krill correlacionada con las concentraciones de clorofila y la extensión del hielo marino.

Principales resultados:

El sector productivo del suroeste del Atlántico posee más del 50% de las poblaciones de krill del Océano Austral.
La densidad de krill en el suroeste del Atlántico ha disminuido desde la década de 1970.
La densidad de krill se correlaciona positivamente con la clorofila del verano y la extensión del hielo marino del invierno anterior.
Las poblaciones de salp parecen haber aumentado a medida que disminuía la densidad de krill.

Conclusiones:

La disponibilidad de alimentos en verano y la extensión del hielo marino en invierno son fundamentales para mantener altas densidades de krill en el Atlántico suroeste.
Los cambios en las poblaciones de krill y salp tienen un impacto significativo en la estructura y función de la red alimentaria del Océano Antártico.

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