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Published on: November 22, 2016
La metrología y el estado: ciencia, ingresos y comercio
1School of History, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK. W.J.Ashworth@liverpool.ac.uk.
Resumen
Las primeras medidas de cantidad, como pulgadas, variaban según el individuo. Adam Smith destacó la necesidad de medidas estandarizadas y precisas para el comercio justo a medida que crecía el comercio.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Economía La economía es la economía.
- Historia de la Ciencia Historia de la Ciencia
- La Antropología Antropología Antropología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Históricamente, las medidas naturales (por ejemplo, partes del cuerpo) se utilizaron para la cantidad.
- Estas medidas naturales carecían de estandarización, lo que condujo a inconsistencias en el valor.
- La conferencia de 1763 de Adam Smith discutió las limitaciones de las mediciones antropométricas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar la transición histórica de las medidas naturales a las estandarizadas.
- Comprender los impulsores económicos que requieren sistemas de medición precisos.
- Para analizar las ideas de Adam Smith sobre el valor, el intercambio y la medición.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de la conferencia de Adam Smith de 1763 sobre el dinero, el valor y el intercambio.
- Revisión histórica de los sistemas de medición anteriores a finales del siglo XVIII.
- Examen del contexto económico del aumento del comercio y el comercio de materias primas.
Principales resultados:
- Las medidas naturales basadas en las proporciones humanas (fathoms, codos, pulgadas) eran comunes.
- Las inconsistencias en la anatomía humana hicieron que estas medidas no fueran confiables para el mismo valor.
- El aumento del comercio complejo requirió estándares de medición más precisos y uniformes.
Conclusiones:
- Las medidas estandarizadas se volvieron esenciales para el comercio equitativo y la determinación del valor.
- Las observaciones de Adam Smith subrayan el papel crítico de la medición precisa en el desarrollo económico.
- El final del siglo XVIII marcó un período crucial para la adopción de sistemas de medición precisos.
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