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La movilización de la grasa en el tejido adiposo es promovida por la lipasa triglicérida adiposa
Robert Zimmermann1, Juliane G Strauss, Guenter Haemmerle
1Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 20, 2004
Resumen
Una enzima recién descubierta, la lipasa triglicérida adiposa (ATGL), es crucial para descomponer las grasas almacenadas en el tejido adiposo. ATGL trabaja con la lipasa sensible a las hormonas (HSL) para controlar el metabolismo de la energía y las grasas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La bioquímica es la bioquímica.
- La investigación en el metabolismo.
- El metabolismo de los lípidos.
Sus antecedentes:
- La lipólisis, la descomposición de los triglicéridos almacenados, es esencial para la homeostasis energética.
- La lipólisis disfuncional está relacionada con la obesidad y la resistencia a la insulina.
- Anteriormente se consideraba que la lipasa sensible a las hormonas (HSL) era la única enzima responsable de la hidrólisis de los triglicéridos en el tejido adiposo de los mamíferos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar y caracterizar nuevas enzimas involucradas en la hidrólisis de los triglicéridos en el tejido adiposo.
- Para investigar el papel de la lipasa triglicérida adiposa (ATGL) en el proceso lipolítico.
Principales métodos:
- Los ensayos de actividad enzimática analizan la actividad enzimática.
- Análisis de la expresión génica en ratones y tejido adiposo humano.
- Estudios de especificidad del sustrato.
- Estudios de inhibición en estudios de inhibición.
Principales resultados:
- La lipasa triglicérida adiposa (ATGL) fue identificada como una enzima clave que cataliza el paso inicial de la hidrólisis de los triglicéridos.
- ATGL contiene un dominio de patatina, característico de las acil-hidrolasas vegetales.
- La ATGL está altamente expresada en el tejido adiposo y exhibe una alta especificidad de sustrato para el triacilglicerol.
- La inhibición de la ATGL redujo significativamente la actividad general de la acil-hidrolasa adiposa.
Conclusiones:
- La ATGL es una segunda enzima importante, junto con la HSL, involucrada en el catabolismo de los triglicéridos en el tejido adiposo de los mamíferos.
- ATGL juega un papel crítico en la vía lipolítica coordinada, impactando la homeostasis energética.
- El descubrimiento de ATGL proporciona nuevos conocimientos sobre la regulación del metabolismo de las grasas y posibles objetivos terapéuticos para los trastornos metabólicos.
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