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La reciprocidad indirecta puede estabilizar la cooperación sin el problema del free rider de segundo orden.
Karthik Panchanathan1, Robert Boyd
1Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture and Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. buddha@ucla.edu
Nature
|November 27, 2004
Resumen
La exclusión de la reciprocidad indirecta puede promover una cooperación costosa al disuadir a los usuarios libres. Sin embargo, este mecanismo no explica la evolución inicial de la acción colectiva cuando la cooperación y la reputación no están vinculadas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Teoría del juego evolutiva Teoría del juego evolutiva.
- Comportamiento social Comportamiento social.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los modelos de cooperación humana a gran escala incluyen la reciprocidad indirecta (ayuda basada en la reputación) y la acción colectiva (beneficio de grupo costoso).
- La evolución de la acción colectiva, en particular el castigo costoso de los corredores libres, sigue siendo poco conocida, lo que plantea un "problema de corredor libre de segundo orden".
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si la exclusión de la reciprocidad indirecta puede estabilizar la acción colectiva.
- Determinar si este mecanismo resuelve el problema del free rider de segundo orden en cooperación.
Principales métodos:
- Modelado teórico de la dinámica evolutiva del juego.
- Análisis de estrategias que involucran reputación, exclusión y castigos costosos.
Principales resultados:
- La exclusión de la reciprocidad indirecta es una estrategia evolutivamente estable que incentiva la cooperación costosa.
- Esta estrategia evita el problema del free rider de segundo orden, ya que los sancionadores mantienen su reputación al retener la ayuda de los free riders.
Conclusiones:
- La exclusión de la reciprocidad indirecta puede sostener la acción colectiva y resolver el "problema del jinete libre de segundo orden" en contextos específicos.
- Sin embargo, este mecanismo no explica cómo surge inicialmente la acción colectiva cuando la reciprocidad indirecta y la cooperación no están vinculadas.
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