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Obesidad entre los subgrupos de inmigrantes estadounidenses por duración de la residencia

Mita Sanghavi Goel¹, Ellen P McCarthy, Russell S Phillips

¹Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill.

|December 16, 2004

Resumen

La prevalencia de la obesidad aumenta con una mayor residencia en los Estados Unidos entre los inmigrantes, acercándose a los niveles de los nacidos en los Estados Unidos después de 15 años. Los inmigrantes también reciben menos asesoramiento clínico sobre dieta y ejercicio.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud Pública La salud pública.
Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sociología Sociología Sociología.

Sus antecedentes:

El aumento de las tasas de obesidad a nivel mundial y dentro de la población de los Estados Unidos.
Los inmigrantes representan un grupo demográfico en rápido crecimiento en los Estados Unidos.
Comprensión limitada de la prevalencia de la obesidad y el asesoramiento clínico dentro de las comunidades de inmigrantes.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para determinar la prevalencia de la obesidad en diversos subgrupos de inmigrantes.
Para analizar la relación entre la duración de la residencia en los Estados Unidos y la obesidad.
Examinar las variaciones reportadas en el asesoramiento sobre dieta y ejercicio por lugar de nacimiento, raza y etnia.

Principales métodos:

Estudio transversal que utiliza datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Entrevistas de Salud del año 2000.
Índice de masa corporal (IMC) calculado a partir de la altura y el peso autoinformados.
Datos autoinformados sobre la dieta y el asesoramiento sobre ejercicio de los médicos clínicos.

Principales resultados:

La prevalencia de la obesidad fue del 16% en los inmigrantes frente al 22% en las personas nacidas en los Estados Unidos.
La prevalencia de la obesidad aumentó con la residencia en los Estados Unidos, alcanzando el 19% después de 15 años.
Los inmigrantes eran menos propensos a discutir la dieta / ejercicio con los médicos (18-19% frente a 23-24%).

Conclusiones:

El aumento de la residencia en los Estados Unidos se correlaciona con un IMC más alto en los inmigrantes, particularmente después de 10 años.
Los residentes estadounidenses a largo plazo muestran tasas de obesidad comparables a las de los adultos nacidos en Estados Unidos.
Las intervenciones tempranas en la dieta y la actividad física son cruciales para prevenir la obesidad y las enfermedades crónicas relacionadas en las poblaciones inmigrantes.

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