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El agotamiento de los residentes
1Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA. niku@mail.med.upenn.edu
JAMA
|December 16, 2004
Resumen
Los médicos residentes experimentan un alto agotamiento debido al trabajo exigente y al pobre equilibrio entre el trabajo y la vida personal. Los datos actuales son insuficientes para identificar a las personas en riesgo, lo que requiere más investigación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Educación médica y educación médica.
- Salud ocupacional y salud en el trabajo.
- La psiquiatría es la psiquiatría.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los programas de residencia presentan demandas de trabajo intensas, control limitado e interferencia entre el trabajo y el hogar.
- Estos factores predisponen a los médicos residentes al agotamiento, similar a otros profesionales de la salud.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la literatura médica existente sobre el agotamiento del médico residente.
- Identificar factores personales y laborales asociados, problemas de salud y rendimiento e intervenciones.
Principales métodos:
- Buscado MEDLINE y PubMed para estudios en inglés (1983-2004) sobre el agotamiento de los residentes.
- Temas médicos usados Títulos relacionados con el agotamiento y la capacitación de médicos.
- Examinó las listas de referencia de los artículos recuperados.
Principales resultados:
- Identificó 15 artículos heterogéneos sobre el agotamiento de los residentes.
- Los niveles de agotamiento entre los residentes parecen altos y pueden estar relacionados con la depresión y la atención deteriorada del paciente.
- Los datos son insuficientes para establecer relaciones causales o identificar a los residentes en riesgo basados en datos demográficos o personalidad.
Conclusiones:
- La investigación actual sobre el agotamiento de los residentes está limitada por la heterogeneidad y las limitaciones metodológicas.
- Grandes estudios prospectivos son esenciales para una mejor comprensión y prevención del agotamiento de los residentes.
- Los rasgos demográficos o de personalidad no son indicadores confiables para identificar a los residentes en riesgo.
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