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Los genes egoístas de efecto maternal en los escarabajos de la harina.

R W Beeman¹, K S Friesen, R E Denell

¹U.S. Grain Marketing Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 3, 1992

Resumen

Una clase recién descubierta de factores M letales de efecto maternal es común en los escarabajos de la harina. Estos factores se propagan a través de las poblaciones causando letalidad en la descendencia que carece de ellos, asegurando su propia herencia.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Genética La genética.
Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Genética de la población Genética de la población.

Sus antecedentes:

Los factores letales de efecto maternal dominante pueden influir en la genética de la población.
La prevalencia y los mecanismos de tales factores en las poblaciones naturales no se comprenden completamente.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la aparición y las propiedades de una nueva clase de factores letales de efecto maternal en Tribolium castaneum.

Principales métodos:

Colección de campo de las poblaciones de Tribolium castaneum y Tribolium confusum en todos los continentes.
Análisis genético para identificar y caracterizar los factores M y su integración en los cromosomas del huésped.
Evaluación de las propiedades de auto-selección y rescate de los factores M.

Principales resultados:

Se identificó una clase extendida y previamente desconocida de factores M letales dominantes de efecto maternal en poblaciones naturales de Tribolium castaneum.
Estos factores M se integran en los cromosomas del huésped y exhiben auto-selección, causando letalidad en la descendencia sin una copia.
Los factores M perpetúan el cromosoma portador de M sobre su homólogo no M, incluso sin ventajas selectivas adicionales.
Factores similares también se encontraron en la especie relacionada Tribolium confusum.

Conclusiones:

Los factores M descubiertos representan un nuevo mecanismo genético que impulsa su propia propagación en las poblaciones.
Estos factores pueden afectar significativamente la estructura genética y la evolución de las poblaciones de Tribolium.
Los hallazgos sugieren un mecanismo potencial para el rápido cambio genético y la adaptación en las poblaciones naturales.