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Especificación por distancia en una especie de anillo.

Darren E Irwin1, Staffan Bensch, Jessica H Irwin

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4. irwin@zoology.ubc.ca

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 22, 2005
PubMed
Resumen

Las especies de anillos demuestran especiación a pesar del flujo genético. Las salchichas verdosas muestran diferencias genéticas distintas entre poblaciones aisladas, con cambios graduales en el medio, que apoyan la "especiación por distancia".

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
  • Investigación de la especiación.
  • Genética de poblaciones genética de poblaciones.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las especies de anillo son clave para comprender la especiación, conectando poblaciones distintas a través de formas intermedias.
  • Estudios anteriores sugirieron que las especies de anillos ejemplifican la especiación a pesar del flujo genético, pero carecían de pruebas definitivas.
  • El gorgojo verdoso (Phylloscopus trochiloides) es un organismo modelo para el estudio de la dinámica de las especies de anillos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar el flujo genético y la divergencia genética en las especies de anillos de Warbler verdosa.
  • Proporcionar evidencia empírica para el proceso de formación de especies de anillos.
  • Para probar la hipótesis de
  • especiación por la fuerza de la distancia.
  • . . . el tiempo.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó marcadores de polimorfismo amplificado de longitud de fragmento (AFLP) para el análisis genético.
  • Analizó la variación genética a través del anillo de las poblaciones de Warbler verdoso.
  • Diferenciación genética comparada entre formas reproductivamente aisladas y poblaciones intermedias.

Principales resultados:

  • Los marcadores de AFLP revelaron distintas diferencias genéticas entre las dos formas aisladas de Warbler verdosa.
  • Se observó un claro patrón de cambio genético gradual a lo largo del anillo que conecta estas formas.
  • Se detectó evidencia de flujo genético en curso en todas las poblaciones de intergrado.

Conclusiones:

  • El estudio proporciona la evidencia más sólida hasta la fecha de que la especiación ocurre gradualmente a lo largo de un continuo geográfico.
  • Las salchichas verdosas son un ejemplo de ello.
  • especiación por la fuerza de la distancia.
  • en un escenario de especies de anillo del mundo real.
  • Esta investigación aclara el papel del flujo genético en la formación de nuevas especies.