Estudio prospectivo sobre la ingesta habitual de fitoestrógenos en la dieta y el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en mujeres occidentales
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Yvonne T van der Schouw1, Sanne Kreijkamp-Kaspers, Petra H M Peeters
1Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Room STR 6.131, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. y.t.vanderschouw@umcutrecht.nl
Circulation
|February 3, 2005
Resumen
La ingesta habitual baja de fitoestrógenos no redujo el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en las mujeres. Sin embargo, una mayor ingesta de lignanos mostró un potencial riesgo reducido de enfermedad coronaria específicamente para los fumadores.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencia de la nutrición Ciencia de la nutrición.
- Epidemiología cardiovascular y epidemiología cardiovascular.
- Los fitoestrógenos dietéticos.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los fitoestrógenos son compuestos vegetales con beneficios cardiovasculares potenciales.
- Estudios anteriores se centraron en los altos niveles de ingesta y los factores de riesgo, no en la enfermedad manifiesta.
- Este estudio examinó la baja ingesta habitual de fitoestrógenos y el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre la ingesta habitual baja de fitoestrógenos y el riesgo manifiesto de enfermedad cardiovascular.
- Para determinar si las isoflavonas y lignanos dietéticos influyen en el riesgo de ECV en una población general.
Principales métodos:
- 16.165 mujeres (49-70 años) de la cohorte holandesa Prospect-EPIC fueron seguidas durante 75 meses.
- La ingesta de fitoestrógenos (isoflavonas, lignanos) se evaluó a través de cuestionarios de frecuencia de los alimentos.
- Se utilizó un análisis de regresión de Cox ajustado por múltiples factores de riesgo y factores de confusión.
Principales resultados:
- Ni las isoflavonas ni los lignanos se asociaron con una disminución general del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular (enfermedad coronaria [ECC] o enfermedad cerebrovascular [ECV]).
- Se observó una disminución del riesgo de ECC con el aumento de la ingesta de lignanos entre las mujeres que alguna vez fueron fumadoras.
Conclusiones:
- La ingesta de dosis bajas de fitoestrógenos no parece proteger contra las enfermedades cardiovasculares en la población general.
- Existe una posible reducción del riesgo de enfermedad coronaria para los fumadores con un mayor consumo de lignanos.
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