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La producción y exportación de cerámica olmeca en el antiguo México se determinó a través del análisis elemental
Jeffrey P Blomster1, Hector Neff, Michael D Glascock
1Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. blomster@gwu.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 19, 2005
Resumen
La civilización olmeca, la primera de Mesoamérica, desarrolló un estilo e iconografía unificados. El análisis elemental de las cerámicas revela que estas se originaron en la región de San Lorenzo, lo que respalda su prioridad cultural temprana.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Arqueología Arqueología.
- La historia del arte, la historia del arte.
- Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
Sus antecedentes:
- La civilización olmeca, la más antigua de Mesoamérica, es conocida por su sociedad jerárquica, arte monumental e iconografía distinta.
- El origen y la difusión del estilo olmeca, ya sea desde un solo centro o a través de interacciones dispersas, es un tema de debate en curso.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los orígenes geográficos de la cerámica de estilo olmeca.
- Para determinar si el estilo olmeca se originó en una sola región o en múltiples sociedades contemporáneas.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis elemental de 725 muestras arqueológicas de cerámica de toda Mesoamérica.
- El abastecimiento geoquímico de arcilla para identificar los orígenes regionales.
Principales resultados:
- Las muestras de cerámica que exhiben el estilo olmeca se originaron en la región de San Lorenzo en la costa del Golfo.
- Este hallazgo apoya la región de San Lorenzo como la fuente principal de la expresión artística e ideológica olmeca.
Conclusiones:
- Los olmecas, originarios de la región de San Lorenzo, fueron pioneros en el desarrollo y diseminación del primer estilo unificado y sistema iconográfico de Mesoamérica.
- Este estudio proporciona una fuerte evidencia de la prioridad cultural y la influencia de los olmecas en la temprana Mesoamérica.
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