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Determinantes sociales de las desigualdades en salud
1International Centre for Health and Society, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK. m.marmot@ucl.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|March 23, 2005
Resumen
Las disparidades mundiales de salud, incluidas las brechas significativas en la esperanza de vida, no son inevitables. Los determinantes sociales tienen un impacto significativo en los resultados de salud para todas las enfermedades, lo que requiere una acción política intersectorial para abordar las desigualdades en salud.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología social y epidemiología social.
- Política de salud Política de salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Existen grandes desigualdades de salud dentro y entre los países, evidenciadas por grandes variaciones en la esperanza de vida.
- La investigación identifica cada vez más los factores sociales como las causas fundamentales de las disparidades de salud.
- Estos determinantes sociales afectan tanto a las enfermedades transmisibles como a las no transmisibles.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para abordar el desafío global de las desigualdades en salud.
- Lanzar la Comisión de Determinantes Sociales de la Salud de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS).
- Para traducir el conocimiento de salud pública en acción política para las poblaciones vulnerables.
Principales métodos:
- Revisar la evidencia existente sobre los determinantes sociales de la salud.
- Facilitar el debate social sobre las desigualdades en salud.
- Recomendar políticas para mejorar la equidad en salud global.
Principales resultados:
- Identificación de los factores sociales como factores clave de las desigualdades en salud.
- Reconocimiento del amplio impacto de los determinantes sociales en todos los tipos de enfermedades.
- El énfasis en la necesidad de un enfoque multisectorial de la política de salud.
Conclusiones:
- Las desigualdades en salud son modificables y no una consecuencia inevitable de las estructuras sociales.
- Los determinantes sociales de la salud requieren la atención de todos los sectores políticos, no sólo de la salud.
- La Comisión de la OMS tiene como objetivo impulsar el cambio de políticas para mejorar los resultados de salud global.
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