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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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Analysis of Global RNA Synthesis at the Single Cell Level following Hypoxia
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Analysis of Global RNA Synthesis at the Single Cell Level following Hypoxia

Published on: May 14, 2014

La regulación génica a nivel de una sola célula.

Nitzan Rosenfeld1, Jonathan W Young, Uri Alon

  • 1Departments of Molecular Cell Biology and Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 26, 2005
PubMed
Resumen

La función de regulación génica (GRF) fluctúa en las células individuales, lo que limita la precisión del circuito genético. Este GRF dinámico, influenciado por parámetros bioquímicos y estados celulares, impacta la transferencia de señales en los sistemas biológicos.

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Analysis of Global RNA Synthesis at the Single Cell Level following Hypoxia
14:53

Analysis of Global RNA Synthesis at the Single Cell Level following Hypoxia

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Single-cell Gene Expression Profiling Using FACS and qPCR with Internal Standards
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Single-cell Gene Expression Profiling Using FACS and qPCR with Internal Standards

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A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
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A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

Published on: October 25, 2018

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • Biología de Sistemas Biología de Sistemas.
  • Genética La genética.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La relación cuantitativa entre los niveles de factores de transcripción y la expresión génica es fundamental para las redes genéticas.
  • Comprender esta relación es crucial tanto para el diseño de circuitos genéticos naturales como sintéticos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar la naturaleza dinámica de la función de regulación génica (GRF) en las células vivas individuales.
  • Determinar los factores que contribuyen a las fluctuaciones en el GRF y su impacto en la precisión de la transferencia de señales.
  • Para calibrar in vivo los parámetros bioquímicos en unidades moleculares utilizando una nueva técnica.

Principales métodos:

  • Caracterización del promotor lambda del bacteriófago P (R) en Escherichia coli utilizando genes reporteros fluorescentes y proteínas de fusión.
  • Desarrollo y aplicación de una nueva técnica basada en errores binomiales en la partición de proteínas para la calibración de parámetros in vivo.
  • Análisis de las tasas de producción de proteínas y el ruido intrínseco en una escala de tiempo del ciclo celular.

Principales resultados:

  • Se descubrió que la función de regulación génica (GRF) fluctúa dinámicamente en las células vivas individuales.
  • Las tasas de producción de proteínas exhiben fluctuaciones en la escala de tiempo de aproximadamente un ciclo celular.
  • El ruido intrínseco decae rápidamente, mientras que los parámetros bioquímicos, el ruido y los estados celulares que varían lentamente definen colectivamente el GRF efectivo de una sola célula.

Conclusiones:

  • Las fluctuaciones dinámicas en el GRF limitan la precisión de la transferencia de señales en los circuitos genéticos transcripcionales.
  • Los hallazgos proporcionan una base para el modelado cuantitativo de los circuitos genéticos naturales.
  • Los resultados ofrecen ideas para el diseño racional de circuitos genéticos sintéticos con un mejor rendimiento.