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La supervivencia neonatal: un llamado a la acción
Jose Martines1, Vinod K Paul, Zulfiqar A Bhutta
1Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. martinesj@who.int
Lancet (London, England)
|March 30, 2005
Resumen
La prevención de las muertes neonatales es crucial para lograr el objetivo de supervivencia infantil. Las intervenciones de bajo costo y los planes de acción nacionales son esenciales para mejorar la supervivencia de los recién nacidos en los países de bajos ingresos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Global La salud global.
- Salud Materna y Infantil.
- Sobrevivencia Neonatal La supervivencia neonatal es el índice de supervivencia neonatal.
Sus antecedentes:
- La mortalidad neonatal sigue siendo un obstáculo significativo para lograr el Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio para la supervivencia infantil (ODM-4).
- Las actuales intervenciones rentables no están adecuadamente integradas en los actuales programas de supervivencia materna e infantil.
- Los sistemas de salud en los países de bajos ingresos se enfrentan a limitaciones en la ampliación de la atención neonatal esencial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para delinear estrategias para mejorar la supervivencia neonatal, haciendo hincapié en la necesidad de acción inmediata.
- Para resaltar la viabilidad del éxito en entornos de recursos limitados utilizando intervenciones de bajo costo.
- Abogar por la integración de la atención neonatal en iniciativas más amplias de supervivencia infantil.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura existente sobre la mortalidad neonatal y las intervenciones rentables.
- Análisis de los costos potenciales para ampliar las intervenciones en países con alta mortalidad.
- Estimación del costo por muerte neonatal evitada.
Principales resultados:
- Existen intervenciones efectivas y de bajo costo para la supervivencia neonatal, pero requieren una integración programática.
- Se estima que la ampliación de las intervenciones en 75 países con alta mortalidad costará 4.100 millones de dólares anuales, además del gasto actual.
- Aproximadamente el 30% del costo estimado es para intervenciones específicas para recién nacidos, y el resto beneficia a las madres y los niños mayores.
Conclusiones:
- Los planes de acción nacionales para la supervivencia neonatal son una prioridad, que requiere el desarrollo, la implementación y el monitoreo.
- Es esencial aumentar la financiación y la rendición de cuentas de los donantes internacionales y los líderes de los países en desarrollo.
- Los servicios de salud materna, neonatal e infantil requieren una mayor inversión financiera en relación con la carga de la mortalidad.
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