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Gases de efecto invernadero: baja fuga de metano de las tuberías de gas
J Lelieveld1, S Lechtenböhmer, S S Assonov
1Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany. lelieveld@mpch-mainz.mpg.de
Nature
|April 15, 2005
Resumen
El cambio al gas natural puede mitigar el cambio climático. La fuga de metano de los sistemas de transporte de gas es menor de lo esperado, lo que sugiere posibles beneficios climáticos a corto plazo en comparación con el carbón y el petróleo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
- Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
- Política energética Política energética Política energética
Sus antecedentes:
- La quema de combustibles fósiles libera gases de efecto invernadero, que tienen un impacto en el cambio climático.
- La combustión de gas natural produce menos dióxido de carbono que el carbón o el petróleo.
- Las emisiones de metano durante la producción y el transporte de gas natural representan un riesgo climático significativo debido al alto potencial de calentamiento a corto plazo del metano.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el impacto climático del cambio del carbón y el petróleo al gas natural.
- Para cuantificar las tasas de fuga de metano en un importante sistema de transporte de gas natural.
- Para determinar si el gas natural ofrece una estrategia viable a corto plazo para la mitigación del cambio climático.
Principales métodos:
- Realizó mediciones de campo de las emisiones de metano a lo largo del sistema de transporte de gas más grande de Rusia.
- Comparó las tasas de fuga de metano medidas con los datos existentes de los Estados Unidos.
- Realizó cálculos para evaluar las implicaciones de forzar el clima del uso de gas natural frente a otros combustibles fósiles.
Principales resultados:
- La fuga de metano del sistema de transporte de gas ruso estudiado se midió en aproximadamente 1,4%.
- Esta tasa de fugas es menor de lo previsto y comparable a las tasas observadas en los Estados Unidos.
- Los cálculos sugieren que la sustitución del gas natural por el carbón y el petróleo podría ofrecer beneficios climáticos a corto plazo.
Conclusiones:
- Las tasas de fuga de metano en las principales infraestructuras de gas natural son más bajas que algunas estimaciones.
- El uso del gas natural como combustible fósil preferido puede proporcionar una ventaja a corto plazo para reducir el forzamiento climático.
- Se necesita más investigación para comprender completamente el impacto climático del ciclo de vida del gas natural.
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