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Control de la malaria en Afganistán: progreso y desafíos.

Jan Kolaczinski1, Kate Graham, Abdullah Fahim

  • 1Disease Control and Vector Biology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. jan.kolaczinski@lshtm.ac.uk

Lancet (London, England)
|April 27, 2005
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El control de la malaria en Afganistán pasó de los programas gubernamentales a las iniciativas dirigidas por las ONG. Se planea la integración en la atención médica de rutina, enfatizando el enfoque sostenido hasta que se controle la malaria.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Salud Pública La salud pública.
  • La Medicina Tropical es una medicina tropical.
  • Fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud.

Sus antecedentes:

  • El control de la malaria en Afganistán enfrentó desafíos debido a la inestabilidad política y la disminución de los programas verticales dirigidos por el gobierno.
  • Las organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONG) y las agencias de la ONU proporcionaron diagnóstico y tratamiento esenciales de la malaria a través de operaciones transfronterizas.
  • A principios de la década de 1990 se vio una funcionalidad limitada del programa original de control de la malaria.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para analizar la evolución de las estrategias de control de la malaria en Afganistán.
  • Examinar el papel de las ONG y las agencias internacionales en la prestación de atención médica.
  • Informar sobre la integración del control de la malaria en el sistema nacional de salud.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de los esfuerzos históricos de control de la malaria y los modelos de prestación de atención médica en Afganistán.
  • Análisis del impacto de los cambios políticos en los programas de salud pública.
  • Evaluación de la transición de los programas verticales a los servicios de salud integrados.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observó un cambio de los programas verticales de malaria administrados por el gobierno a la participación de las ONG y las agencias de la ONU.
  • El establecimiento de clínicas apoyadas por ONG y la formación estandarizada se produjo a partir de 1992.
  • Después de 2001, comenzó la rehabilitación del sistema de salud, con planes para integrar el control de la malaria.

Conclusiones:

  • La compleja emergencia puso de relieve la necesidad de estrategias de control de la malaria adaptables.
  • La integración gradual del control de la malaria en la prestación rutinaria de atención médica es el siguiente paso planeado.
  • El enfoque sostenido en la malaria es crucial hasta que la enfermedad sea erradicada.