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El consumo de alcohol por parte de los padres, el consumo problemático de alcohol y las lesiones de los niños.
P E Bijur1, M Kurzon, M D Overpeck
1Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461.
JAMA
|June 17, 1992
Resumen
Los niños con madres que son bebedoras problemáticas enfrentan un riesgo duplicado de lesiones graves. El doble problema de beber de los padres eleva significativamente este riesgo, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de intervención.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- La pediatría es la medicina de los niños.
- Medicina de la adicción Medicina de la adicción
Sus antecedentes:
- Millones de niños en los EE.UU. están expuestos a los padres que tienen problemas con la bebida.
- Existen pruebas limitadas sobre el impacto del consumo de alcohol de los padres en los resultados de salud infantil.
- Las lesiones infantiles representan una preocupación significativa para la salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol de los padres y el riesgo de lesiones graves en los niños.
- Identificar patrones específicos de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas por parte de los padres que pueden aumentar el riesgo de lesiones en los niños.
Principales métodos:
- Se encuestó a una muestra nacionalmente representativa de 12.360 niños y padres.
- Los datos se recopilaron a través de entrevistas de hogares para la Encuesta Nacional de Entrevistas de Salud de 1988 (Suplementos de Alcohol y Salud Infantil).
- Las lesiones graves se definieron como aquellas que requieren hospitalización, cirugía o falta significativa de descanso en la escuela o en la cama.
Principales resultados:
- Los hijos de madres clasificadas como bebedoras problemáticas tenían un riesgo 2,1 veces mayor de lesiones graves en comparación con los hijos de no bebedoras.
- El consumo problemático de bebidas alcohólicas por parte de la madre combinado con el consumo moderado o excesivo de bebidas alcohólicas por parte del padre aumentó aún más el riesgo relativo de lesiones graves a 2.7.
- No se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre los patrones de consumo de los padres y las lesiones infantiles, ni otras medidas del consumo de alcohol de las madres.
Conclusiones:
- El consumo problemático de alcohol por parte de los padres, especialmente por parte de las madres, se asocia con un mayor riesgo de lesiones graves en los niños.
- Los niños con dos padres que tienen problemas con el alcohol enfrentan un mayor riesgo.
- La investigación adicional sobre los mecanismos y las intervenciones es crucial, con un llamado a los médicos para detectar el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas de los padres y facilitar el tratamiento.
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