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Intensificación inducida por rayos de la capa E esporádica de la ionosfera
1Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK. C.J.Davis@rl.ac.uk
Nature
|June 10, 2005
Resumen
Las tormentas eléctricas intensifican significativamente la capa E esporádica de la ionosfera. Este efecto inducido por rayos, observado directamente por encima de las tormentas, altera la propagación de las ondas de radio.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Física de la atmósfera Física de la atmósfera
- Ciencia de la ionosfera Ciencia de la ionosfera.
- El electromagnetismo es el electromagnetismo.
Sus antecedentes:
- Se ha sugerido un vínculo entre las tormentas eléctricas y la ionosfera desde la década de 1920.
- La interacción del rayo con la ionosfera inferior está respaldada por modelos y mediciones.
- La modulación de la capa E esporádica de la ionosfera por las tormentas eléctricas requiere una mayor validación estadística.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar estadísticamente el impacto de las tormentas eléctricas en la capa E esporádica de latitud media.
- Para determinar si el rayo es el agente causante de los cambios ionosféricos observados.
- Investigar posibles mecanismos que vinculan los rayos y las mejoras esporádicas de la capa E.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis estadístico de los datos de la ionosfera en relación con la actividad de tormentas eléctricas.
- Comparación de las respuestas ionosféricas a las tormentas eléctricas frente a los sistemas meteorológicos sin rayos.
- Correlación de las características esporádicas de la capa E (densidad, altitud) con los eventos de rayos.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificó una intensificación estadísticamente significativa y una disminución de la altitud de la capa E esporádica directamente por encima de las tormentas eléctricas.
- No se detectó una respuesta ionosférica significativa para los sistemas de baja presión que carecen de rayos.
- El realce esporádico localizado de la capa E es directamente atribuible a la actividad de los rayos.
Conclusiones:
- El rayo modula de manera demostrable la capa E esporádica de latitud media, causando una intensificación y un descenso localizados.
- La mejora ionosférica observada es una consecuencia directa del rayo, no de los patrones climáticos generales.
- Los mecanismos potenciales incluyen ondas de gravedad que se propagan verticalmente o descargas eléctricas, posiblemente en combinación.
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