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La transferencia de nitrógeno en la simbiosis de las micorrizas arbusculares
Manjula Govindarajulu1, Philip E Pfeffer, Hairu Jin
1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA.
Nature
|June 10, 2005
Resumen
Los hongos arbusculares micorrícicos (AMF) transfieren nitrógeno a las plantas a través de la arginina. Este estudio revela una nueva vía metabólica para la asimilación y translocación de nitrógeno en la simbiosis AMF.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Interacciones entre plantas y microbios.
- La micología de la micología.
- Fisiología vegetal Fisiología vegetal
Sus antecedentes:
- Los hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (AMF) forman simbiosis vitales con la mayoría de las plantas terrestres, lo que facilita el intercambio de nutrientes.
- Esta simbiosis es crucial para la nutrición de las plantas, el ciclo global de nutrientes y la evolución de las plantas.
- Los mecanismos de absorción y transferencia de nitrógeno por parte de la AMF a las plantas huésped siguen siendo poco conocidos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para dilucidar la vía de absorción y transferencia de nitrógeno de los hongos micorrizales arbusculares (AMF) a las plantas huésped.
- Identificar los mecanismos moleculares y las etapas metabólicas involucradas en la translocación del nitrógeno dentro de la simbiosis AMF.
Principales métodos:
- Se emplearon experimentos de etiquetado de isótopos estables para rastrear la asimilación y translocación del nitrógeno.
- El análisis de la expresión génica se realizó en tejidos fúngicos extraradical e intraradical.
- Análisis comparativo de la expresión génica bajo diferentes condiciones de nitrógeno.
Principales resultados:
- La absorción de nitrógeno inorgánico por la AMF fuera de las raíces se incorpora a los aminoácidos.
- El nitrógeno se transloca del micelio extraradical al intraradical principalmente como arginina.
- El nitrógeno se transfiere a la planta sin carbono, lo que implica patrones específicos de expresión génica en diferentes compartimentos fúngicos.
Conclusiones:
- Se ha identificado una nueva vía metabólica para la asimilación y transferencia de nitrógeno en la simbiosis de AMF.
- La expresión preferencial de los genes de asimilación de nitrógeno en el micelio extraradical y los genes de degradación de arginina en el micelio intraradical apoyan el mecanismo propuesto.
- Esta vía está regulada por la disponibilidad y la forma de nitrógeno, destacando su importancia en el intercambio de nutrientes entre plantas y hongos.
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