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Identificación de una vacuna universal contra el estreptococo del grupo B mediante la detección de múltiples genomas

Domenico Maione¹, Immaculada Margarit, Cira D Rinaudo

¹Chiron srl, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 5, 2005

Resumen

El desarrollo de una vacuna contra el estreptococo del grupo B (GBS) es crucial para la salud del recién nacido. Una nueva estrategia identificó cuatro proteínas superficiales que, cuando se combinan, ofrecen una amplia protección contra las infecciones por GBS.

Área de la Ciencia:

Bacteriología Bacteriología.
Vacunología Vacunología.
La genómica es la genómica.

Sus antecedentes:

El estreptococo del grupo B (GBS) es una causa importante de infecciones neonatales graves.
GBS es un patógeno multiserotipo, lo que complica el desarrollo de vacunas.
Las vacunas GBS existentes carecen de una amplia protección contra todos los serotipos circulantes.

Objetivo del estudio:

Identificar candidatos a vacunas ampliamente protectoras contra el estreptococo del grupo B.
Investigar el potencial de las proteínas superficiales como objetivos de la vacuna GBS.

Principales métodos:

Secuenciación del genoma de ocho aislamientos de GBS.
Clonado y prueba de 312 proteínas superficiales como candidatos a vacunas en ratones.
Análisis de la accesibilidad al antígeno y la inducción de anticuerpos (anticuerpos opsonofagocíticos).

Principales resultados:

Cuatro proteínas de superficie demostraron eficacia protectora en ratones.
Una combinación de estas cuatro proteínas proporcionó una alta protección contra un panel diverso de cepas de GBS, incluidos todos los serotipos.
La protección se correlacionó con la accesibilidad de proteínas en la superficie bacteriana y la generación de anticuerpos opsonofagocíticos.

Conclusiones:

El análisis multigenómico y el cribado de proteínas superficiales es una estrategia efectiva para identificar candidatos a vacunas contra el SGB.
Una vacuna combinada dirigida a proteínas superficiales específicas es prometedora para una amplia protección contra el SGB.
Un mayor desarrollo de esta vacuna basada en proteínas podría reducir la mortalidad y la morbilidad neonatales relacionadas con GBS.

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