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Evidencia de la evolución magmática y la diversidad en Marte a partir de observaciones en el infrarrojo
P R Christensen1, H Y McSween, J L Bandfield
1Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA. phil.christensen@asu.edu
Nature
|July 12, 2005
Resumen
Las rocas ígneas de Marte muestran una sorprendente diversidad, desde basalto hasta granitoides. Esto indica una evolución volcánica compleja y procesos de magma similares a los de la Tierra, lo que desafía las suposiciones anteriores sobre la corteza marciana.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.
- Geología Geología Geología.
- Petrología Ígnea.
Sus antecedentes:
- La corteza marciana se considera predominantemente basáltica.
- Los mapas de composición anteriores han carecido de la resolución para revelar la diversidad ígnea a escala fina.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la diversidad de composición de los materiales ígneos marcianos.
- Para entender la evolución volcánica y magmática de Marte.
Principales métodos:
- Cartografía de composición de Marte utilizando datos del Sistema de Imágenes de Emisión Térmica de la Mars Odyssey (THEMIS) a una escala de 100 metros.
- Análisis de las composiciones de rocas ígneas, incluidos los basaltos, las dacites y los granitoides.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron diversos materiales ígneos, que van desde basaltos con bajo contenido de sílice hasta dacites con alto contenido de sílice y granitoides con cuarzo.
- Evidencia de cristalización fraccionada que condujo a la evolución de lavas como la dacita.
- Los basaltos olivinos se encuentran en varias profundidades, lo que sugiere una ubicación generalizada en toda la formación de la corteza marciana.
- El descubrimiento de rocas granitoides indica una diferenciación magmática extrema.
Conclusiones:
- La corteza marciana exhibe un rango de composición comparable al de la Tierra, desde basaltos picríticos hasta granitoides.
- La evolución volcánica marciana es más compleja de lo que se pensaba anteriormente, ya que implica una diferenciación magmática significativa.
- Los basaltos ultramaficos (picríticos) pueden ser más comunes en Marte de lo que se estima actualmente.
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