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El papel del tabaquismo en la mortalidad cardiovascular global y regional
Majid Ezzati1, S Jane Henley, Michael J Thun
1Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA. mezzati@hsph.harvard.edu
Circulation
|July 20, 2005
Resumen
El tabaquismo causó más de 1,6 millones de muertes cardiovasculares en todo el mundo en 2000, lo que representa el 11% de todas las muertes cardiovasculares. Esto pone de relieve el tabaquismo como un importante factor de riesgo prevenible para la mortalidad por enfermedades del corazón en todo el mundo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Investigación de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares Investigación de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares
Sus antecedentes:
- Fumar es una de las principales causas de mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) en todo el mundo.
- Existen datos limitados sobre la contribución específica del tabaquismo a la mortalidad por ECV en diversas regiones del mundo con diferentes factores de riesgo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Cuantificar las muertes atribuibles al tabaquismo por las principales enfermedades cardiovasculares (enfermedad isquémica del corazón, enfermedad cerebrovascular) en todo el mundo.
- Analizar estas muertes por edad, sexo y región, ajustando otros factores de riesgo.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos del Estudio de Prevención del Cáncer II (CPS II) de la Sociedad Americana del Cáncer y de la base de datos de mortalidad por Carga Global de Enfermedades de la OMS.
- Las muertes estimadas atribuibles al tabaquismo para 14 subregiones globales, utilizando la mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón como un sustituto de la exposición al tabaquismo.
- Ajustado por las covariables clave en los datos de CPS-II.
Principales resultados:
- En el año 2000, el tabaquismo contribuyó a un estimado de 1,62 millones de muertes por cardiovasculares en todo el mundo (11% del total de muertes por ECV).
- Las muertes por ECV atribuibles al tabaquismo fueron más altas en los hombres (1.17 millones) que en las mujeres (450.000).
- Las enfermedades isquémicas del corazón (54%) y las enfermedades cerebrovasculares (25%) fueron las principales causas de mortalidad por ECV atribuibles al tabaquismo.
Conclusiones:
- Más del 10% de las muertes cardiovasculares globales en el año 2000 estaban relacionadas con el tabaquismo.
- Fumar representa una causa significativa y prevenible de mortalidad cardiovascular en todo el mundo.
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