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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.The Theory of Natural...
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Un enfoque de estrategia evolutivamente estable para el despecho indiscriminado.

N Knowlton, G A Parker

    Nature
    |May 31, 1979
    PubMed
    Resumen

    El comportamiento malicioso, en el que un individuo se hace daño a sí mismo para hacer más daño a otro, puede evolucionar. Sin embargo, esta estrategia de estabilidad evolutiva (ESS, por sus siglas en inglés) resulta en un despecho menor en poblaciones grandes.

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    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
    • Ecología del comportamiento ecología del comportamiento.
    • Teoría de juegos Teoría de juegos.

    Sus antecedentes:

    • Se ha teorizado que el comportamiento rencoroso, definido como autolesionarse para infligir un mayor daño a los demás, evoluciona bajo condiciones específicas.
    • Los modelos anteriores de Hamilton y Verner propusieron diferentes marcos para la evolución del despecho, centrándose en la relación y la competencia de recursos.
    • Los estudios analíticos sugirieron que los rasgos rencorosos se propagan lentamente y pueden no ser evolutivamente estables, lo que requiere una mayor investigación.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Determinar analíticamente las condiciones bajo las cuales el despecho puede ser una estrategia evolutivamente estable (ESS).
    • Investigar la relación entre el tamaño de la población y la magnitud del despecho.
    • Resolver el debate sobre la estabilidad evolutiva del despecho indiscriminado.

    Principales métodos:

    • Utilizó el concepto de Maynard Smith de la estrategia evolutivamente estable (ESS) para el modelado analítico.
    • Aplicó los principios de la teoría de juegos para modelar interacciones que involucran comportamiento rencoroso.
    • Analizó las condiciones para la propagación y la estabilidad de los rasgos maliciosos en las poblaciones.

    Principales resultados:

    • Demostró que el despecho puede de hecho ser una estrategia evolutivamente estable (ESS).
    • Se demostró que la magnitud del rencor está inversamente relacionada con el tamaño de la población.
    • Concluyó que en grandes poblaciones, el grado de rencor es mínimo.

    Conclusiones:

    • El rencor puede ser evolutivamente estable, desafiando las suposiciones anteriores sobre su limitado potencial evolutivo.
    • El tamaño de la población influye significativamente en la expresión de despecho, con poblaciones más grandes que exhiben menos despecho.
    • El estudio proporciona un marco analítico robusto para comprender la evolución del despecho en los sistemas biológicos.