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El próximo cambio de paradigma en la ciencia de identificación forense.

Michael J Saks1, Jonathan J Koehler

  • 1College of Law, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. saks@asu.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
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Las ciencias forenses de identificación se enfrentan a cambios significativos debido a presiones legales y científicas. La evidencia desafía la suposición central de la singularidad, impulsando un cambio hacia métodos más científicamente rigurosos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias Forenses Ciencias Forenses.
  • Ciencias jurídicas Ciencias jurídicas.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las ciencias forenses tradicionales de identificación se basan en la suposición de características únicas.
  • Esta suposición es cada vez más cuestionada por errores documentados en pruebas de competencia y casos del mundo real.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Examinar las fuerzas que impulsan el cambio fundamental en las ciencias forenses de identificación.
  • Explorar el cambio de los métodos tradicionales a un nuevo paradigma científico.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de los cambios legales que afectan a la admisibilidad de la evidencia de expertos.
  • Evaluación de la influencia de la tipificación del ADN como modelo para el análisis de identidad.

Principales resultados:

  • Los factores legales y científicos están convergiendo para requerir una reevaluación de las prácticas de la ciencia forense.
  • Las tecnologías emergentes de digitación de ADN ofrecen una alternativa científicamente robusta para la determinación de la identidad.

Conclusiones:

  • Las ciencias forenses tradicionales deben adaptarse a un nuevo paradigma.
  • La defensabilidad científica y la validación rigurosa se están volviendo primordiales en la identificación forense.