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La resiliencia socio-ecológica a los desastres costeros
W Neil Adger1, Terry P Hughes, Carl Folke
1Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK. n.adger@uea.ac.uk
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 16, 2005
Resumen
La resiliencia a los desastres en los sistemas socio-ecológicos se construye y se erosiona con el tiempo, lo que afecta los resultados de los eventos. La gestión eficaz de desastres requiere una gobernanza multinivel para fomentar la resiliencia frente a la incertidumbre y la sorpresa.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del medio ambiente Ciencias del medio ambiente.
- Sociología Sociología Sociología.
- Gestión de desastres gestión de desastres.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los sistemas sociales y ecológicos enfrentan una vulnerabilidad variable a los desastres.
- La resiliencia, construida o erosionada antes y después de los eventos, influye en los resultados de los desastres.
- Los eventos extremos ponen a prueba la capacidad de adaptación de estos sistemas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar el papel de la resiliencia en los sistemas socio-ecológicos que se enfrentan a desastres.
- Comprender cómo la gobernanza influye en las capacidades de afrontamiento de desastres.
- Identificar mecanismos para mejorar la resiliencia del sistema.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura sobre resiliencia socio-ecológica y gestión de desastres.
- Análisis de las estructuras de gobernanza en la preparación para desastres.
- Examen de estudio de caso de los factores de resiliencia en eventos extremos.
Principales resultados:
- La resiliencia es dinámica, moldeada por las condiciones previas y posteriores al desastre.
- Diversos mecanismos permiten a los sistemas adaptarse al cambio y a las perturbaciones.
- La gobernanza multinivel es crucial para gestionar la incertidumbre.
Conclusiones:
- Fortalecer la resiliencia es clave para mitigar los impactos de los desastres.
- La gobernanza adaptativa mejora la capacidad de manejar eventos inesperados.
- La movilización de diversas fuentes de resiliencia es vital para la gestión de desastres.
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