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Las oscilaciones estacionales en el intercambio de agua entre los acuíferos y el océano costero

Holly A Michael¹, Ann E Mulligan, Charles F Harvey

¹Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

|August 27, 2005

Resumen

La descarga de aguas subterráneas submarinas libera agua salada en las zonas costeras. Los cambios estacionales en la interfaz agua dulce-agua salada, impulsados por cambios en el nivel freático interior, explican esta descarga salina y su calendario.

Área de la Ciencia:

* Hidrogeología costera y oceanografía.
* Geoquímica y ciencias ambientales.

Sus antecedentes:

* La descarga submarina de aguas subterráneas (SGD, por sus siglas en inglés) es una vía importante para que las aguas terrestres y marinas entren en las aguas superficiales costeras.
* El SGD entrega nutrientes, contaminantes y oligoelementos al océano costero.
* Las descargas salinas observadas y los trazadores geoquímicos sugieren una desconexión con los ciclos de recarga del interior, lo que indica un retraso de tiempo.

Objetivo del estudio:

* Investigar los mecanismos que controlan la descarga salina de aguas subterráneas submarinas.
* Para explicar el lapso de tiempo observado entre la recarga interior y la descarga salina en aguas costeras.
* Para demostrar el vínculo entre los ciclos hidrológicos estacionales y los acuíferos costeros sistemas salinos.

Principales métodos:

* Mediciones de campo de gradientes hidráulicos y flujos en alta mar en la bahía de Waquoit, Massachusetts.
* Desarrollo y aplicación de un modelo generalizado del sistema de aguas subterráneas costeras.
* Análisis de la dinámica de la interfaz agua dulce-agua salada en respuesta a las fluctuaciones del nivel freático.

Principales resultados:

* Los cambios estacionales en la interfaz agua dulce-agua salada explican las grandes descargas salinas.
* El agua de mar se absorbe en los acuíferos durante el invierno (la interfaz se mueve hacia la tierra) y se descarga en verano (la interfaz se mueve hacia el mar).
* Las descargas salinas están por detrás de los ciclos estacionales de recarga interior.

Conclusiones:

* El ciclo hidrológico estacional en el interior está directamente conectado con el sistema de agua subterránea salina en los acuíferos costeros.
* El movimiento de la interfaz de agua dulce y agua salada es un factor clave de la SGD salina estacional.
* Este mecanismo sugiere una importante estacionalidad en la carga química a las aguas costeras.

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