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Energía de la superficie de la fractura de la falla Punchbowl, sistema de San Andreas
Judith S Chester1, Frederick M Chester, Andreas K Kronenberg
1Center for Tectonophysics, Department of Geology & Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3115, USA. chesterj@geo.tamu.edu
Nature
|September 2, 2005
Resumen
La energía de fractura del terremoto es significativamente subestimada por los datos sismológicos. El análisis estructural de la falla de Punchbowl revela que la creación de la superficie de la fractura requiere mucha más energía de lo que se pensaba anteriormente, lo que sugiere procesos adicionales de debilitamiento del deslizamiento.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- Geología Estructural Geología estructural.
- Sismología Sismología Sismología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La energía de fractura, un componente de la dinámica de ruptura de un terremoto, se entiende mal con respecto a su magnitud y los mecanismos de formación de la superficie de ruptura y el debilitamiento del deslizamiento.
- Las estimaciones existentes a partir de datos sismológicos y experimentales no explican completamente el presupuesto energético de las rupturas sísmicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para cuantificar la energía requerida para la creación de la superficie de fractura en una falla exhumada de gran desplazamiento.
- Para comparar estos requerimientos de energía cuantificados con las estimaciones sismológicas de la energía de fractura del terremoto.
- Investigar la contribución de la producción de la superficie de fractura al debilitamiento general del deslizamiento durante los terremotos.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis estructural de la falla Punchbowl, una importante falla exhumada dentro del sistema de fallas de San Andrés.
- Cuantificación del área de la superficie de la fractura y los requisitos de energía relacionados basados en las estructuras de falla observadas.
Principales resultados:
- La energía necesaria para crear el área de la superficie de la fractura de la falla Punchbowl es aproximadamente 300 veces mayor que las estimaciones sismológicas para un solo gran terremoto.
- Atribuir toda la energía de la fractura únicamente a la producción de la superficie de la fractura sugiere que menos de 1 km de desplazamiento sísmico podría explicar el área de superficie observada.
Conclusiones:
- Las estimaciones sismológicas de la energía de fractura de terremoto pueden subestimar significativamente el presupuesto de energía real.
- La producción de la superficie de fractura por sí sola no puede explicar la energía total disipada durante el debilitamiento del deslizamiento en grandes terremotos.
- Procesos físicos adicionales más allá de la fractura superficial probablemente contribuyen sustancialmente al debilitamiento del deslizamiento durante los eventos de ruptura sísmica.
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