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Evolución adaptativa en curso de ASPM, un determinante del tamaño del cerebro en el Homo sapiens sapiens
Nitzan Mekel-Bobrov1, Sandra L Gilbert, Patrick D Evans
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Resumen
La evolución del cerebro humano está en curso. Una variante genética específica, la microcefalia anormal de tipo huso asociada (ASPM), surgió recientemente y se extendió rápidamente, lo que indica una selección positiva reciente y una adaptación continua del cerebro.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Evolución humana La evolución humana es la evolución de los seres humanos.
- Genética La genética.
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
Sus antecedentes:
- El gen ASPM es un regulador clave del tamaño del cerebro.
- Los estudios evolutivos indican una fuerte selección positiva en ASPM en el linaje humano.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la historia evolutiva de una variante genética humana específica de ASPM.
- Para determinar si la reciente evolución del cerebro humano todavía está ocurriendo.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de la genética de poblaciones.
- Inferencia filogenética por inferencia.
- Análisis de las variantes del gen ASPM en poblaciones humanas.
Principales resultados:
- Una variante humana específica de ASPM tiene aproximadamente 5800 años.
- Esta variante ha aumentado rápidamente en frecuencia debido a una fuerte selección positiva.
- La evidencia sugiere una evolución adaptativa en curso del cerebro humano.
Conclusiones:
- El cerebro humano continúa evolucionando rápidamente.
- Los cambios genéticos recientes en ASPM resaltan la adaptación en curso.
- El descubrimiento de una variante joven y seleccionada proporciona información sobre la evolución del cerebro humano.
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