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All organisms have a position within an ecosystem. The complete set of living and nonliving factors—including food resources, climate, and terrain—that define the position of a given organism are collectively referred to as the organism’s ecological niche.Multiple species cannot occupy the exact same niche within their habitat. If the niches of two or more species overlap to a large extent, the competitive exclusion principle dictates that one species will outcompete the other, forcing it to...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

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Rearing the Cabbage White Butterfly (Pieris rapae) in Controlled Conditions: A Case Study with Heavy Metal Tolerance
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Ecología: 'Jardines del diablo' atormentados por las hormigas.

Megan E Frederickson1, Michael J Greene, Deborah M Gordon

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020, USA. meganf@stanford.edu

Nature
|September 24, 2005
PubMed
Resumen

Las hormigas amazónicas crean "jardines del diablo" matando selectivamente otras plantas con ácido fórmico. Este comportamiento proporciona a sus colonias abundantes sitios de anidación en los árboles de Duroia hirsuta, asegurando su supervivencia a largo plazo.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ecología Ecología Ecología.
  • Ecología Química Ecología Química.
  • Entomología Entomología.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los jardines del diablo son estadios amazónicos únicos dominados por Duroia hirsuta.
  • El folclore local atribuye su creación a un malvado espíritu del bosque.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar el mecanismo ecológico detrás de la formación de los jardines del diablo.
  • Para identificar las especies responsables de la creación de estos monocultivos.

Principales métodos:

  • Observaciones de campo del comportamiento de las hormigas y las interacciones de las plantas.
  • Análisis químico de las sustancias utilizadas por las hormigas.
  • Estudios de supervivencia de la colonia a largo plazo.

Principales resultados:

  • La hormiga Myrmelachista schumanni cultiva activamente los jardines del diablo.
  • Estas hormigas usan ácido fórmico para matar a las especies de plantas competidoras.
  • Esta estrategia asegura amplios sitios de anidación para las colonias de M. schumanni, que pueden vivir hasta 800 años.

Conclusiones:

  • Myrmelachista schumanni hormigas son los arquitectos de los jardines del diablo.
  • La destrucción de plantas mediada por las hormigas y el cultivo de plantas hospedadoras es una interacción ecológica clave en la Amazonía.
  • Esta relación simbiótica destaca la sofisticada ingeniería ecológica de los insectos.