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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Stem Cell Niche01:26

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Stem cell-like Xenopus Embryonic Explants to Study Early Neural Developmental Features In Vitro and In Vivo
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Se desprende de la red de células madre embrionarias.

Stuart H Orkin1

  • 1Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Cell
|September 24, 2005
PubMed
Resumen

Los factores clave de transcripción OCT4, SOX2 y NANOG son cruciales para la auto-renovación y la pluripotencia de las células madre embrionarias (CEM). El análisis de todo el genoma revela su frecuente co-ocupación en los promotores de genes objetivo, lo que sugiere complejas redes reguladoras en las ESC humanas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología de las células madre Biología de las células madre
  • La epigenética es la epigenética.
  • Regulación genética La regulación genética.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las células madre embrionarias (CEM) poseen auto-renovación y pluripotencia.
  • Los factores de transcripción OCT4, SOX2 y NANOG son fundamentales para mantener estas propiedades.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar los patrones de unión de todo el genoma de OCT4, SOX2 y NANOG en las ESC humanas.
  • Comprender los mecanismos reguladores que rigen la pluripotencia y la autorrenovación.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de localización de todo el genoma (ChIP-chip o similar).
  • Identificación de las regiones promotoras dirigidas por los factores clave de transcripción.

Principales resultados:

  • Frecuente co-ocupación de OCT4, SOX2 y NANOG en numerosos promotores de genes objetivo.
  • Evidencia de una compleja red de interacciones regulatorias.

Conclusiones:

  • OCT4, SOX2 y NANOG funcionan de manera coordinada.
  • Es probable que los bucles autorreguladores y de avance de alimentación estén involucrados en el mantenimiento de la pluripotencia ESC humana.