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Transmisión del virus de la influenza equina a los perros
P C Crawford1, Edward J Dubovi, William L Castleman
1College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 28, 2005
Resumen
El virus de la influenza canina (CIV) surgió de la influenza equina H3N8, causando enfermedades respiratorias graves en galgos de carreras. Este virus de una sola fuente muestra una transmisión eficiente y potencial para propagarse a los perros de compañía.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología Veterinaria Virología Veterinaria
- Epidemiología de las enfermedades infecciosas Epidemiología de las enfermedades infecciosas
- Sanidad Animal Sanidad Animal.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los brotes de enfermedades respiratorias graves en galgos de carreras provocaron una investigación sobre el agente causal.
- Las cepas anteriores de influenza en perros no se asociaron con presentaciones clínicas tan graves.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Caracterizar molecular y antigénicamente los virus de la gripe aislados de galgos enfermos.
- Determinar el origen y la trayectoria evolutiva del virus de la influenza canina (CIV).
- Confirmar el papel etiológico del CIV en la enfermedad respiratoria del galgo.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis moleculares y antigénicos de virus gripales aislados.
- Análisis filogenético de los genomas virales.
- Análisis de secuencias de genes de la hemaglutinina para mutaciones adaptativas.
- Estudios serológicos (títulos de anticuerpos) y inoculación experimental de perros.
Principales resultados:
- Los virus aislados están estrechamente relacionados con el virus de la influenza equina H3N8, lo que sugiere un único evento de transferencia entre especies.
- El análisis filogenético confirma un origen monofilético para el virus de la influenza canina.
- Los cambios moleculares en la hemaglutinina indican adaptación al huésped canino.
- El aumento de los títulos de anticuerpos se correlacionó con la enfermedad, y la inoculación experimental confirmó la patogenicidad.
- Se observó una transmisión eficiente y una propagación geográfica dentro de la población de galgos.
Conclusiones:
- El virus de la influenza canina (CIV) derivado del virus de la influenza equina H3N8 es la causa de enfermedades respiratorias graves en galgos de carreras.
- El virus ha experimentado una evolución adaptativa en perros y se transmite de manera eficiente dentro de esta población.
- Existe el riesgo de que el CIV se convierta en enzoótico en las poblaciones de perros de compañía.
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