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Caracterización de la reconstrucción del virus de la pandemia de la gripe española de 1918
Terrence M Tumpey1, Christopher F Basler, Patricia V Aguilar
1Influenza Branch, Mailstop G-16, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases (DVRD), National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. tft9@cdc.gov
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 8, 2005
Resumen
El virus de la gripe pandémica de 1918, reconstruido utilizando genética inversa, exhibió una alta virulencia. Su expresión génica única confería una patogenicidad extraordinaria, a diferencia de las cepas modernas de H1N1.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología Virología.
- Biología de los patógenos Biología de los patógenos
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La pandemia de gripe de 1918-1919 causó millones de muertes en todo el mundo.
- La secuencia de codificación completa del virus de la gripe de 1918 ya está disponible.
- Comprender los factores de virulencia del virus de 1918 es crucial para la preparación para una pandemia.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para reconstruir el virus de la gripe pandémica de 1918 utilizando genética inversa.
- Para investigar las propiedades únicas que contribuyen a la extraordinaria virulencia del virus.
- Para comparar las características del virus de 1918 con las cepas de gripe contemporáneas.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó la genética inversa para ensamblar los ocho segmentos de genes del virus de la gripe pandémica de 1918.
- Capacidades de replicación viral evaluadas, incluida la replicación en ausencia de tripsina.
- Patogenicidad evaluada en modelos animales (ratones) y huevos de pollo embrionados.
- Examinó el crecimiento viral en células epiteliales bronquiales humanas.
Principales resultados:
- El virus de la gripe de 1918 reconstruido se replicó eficientemente sin la necesidad de tripsina.
- El virus indujo la mortalidad en ratones y en embriones de huevos de gallina.
- Demostró un fenotipo de alto crecimiento en las células epiteliales bronquiales humanas, a diferencia de las cepas contemporáneas de H1N1.
- La expresión génica coordinada del virus de 1918 probablemente confiere su fenotipo de alta virulencia.
Conclusiones:
- El virus de la gripe pandémica de 1918 reconstruido exhibe propiedades distintas relacionadas con su alta virulencia.
- La genética inversa es una herramienta poderosa para estudiar los virus de la gripe pandémica histórica.
- Los hallazgos proporcionan información sobre los mecanismos moleculares que subyacen a la patogenicidad del virus de la influenza.
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