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El carácter nacional no refleja los niveles medios de rasgos de personalidad en 49 culturas
A Terracciano1, A M Abdel-Khalek, N Adám
1National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Gerontology Research Center, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. terraccianoa@grc.nia.nih.gov
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 8, 2005
Resumen
Las creencias sobre el carácter nacional son comunes, pero parecen ser estereotipos infundados. Este estudio encontró que las percepciones de los rasgos de personalidad en todas las culturas no se alinean con las puntuaciones de personalidad evaluadas reales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología intercultural psicología intercultural.
- Psicología social Psicología social.
- Estudios de la personalidad estudios de la personalidad.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los individuos a menudo tienen creencias sobre las características de personalidad típicas de su propia cultura y de otras culturas.
- Estas percepciones del carácter nacional pueden ir desde generalizaciones de la experiencia personal hasta estereotipos, algunos con un potencial "núcleo de verdad" o ser completamente inexactos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la exactitud de las percepciones de carácter nacional.
- Para comparar las creencias laicas sobre los rasgos culturales de la personalidad con las puntuaciones de personalidad evaluadas empíricamente.
Principales métodos:
- Recogió calificaciones de carácter nacional de 3989 personas en 49 culturas.
- Comparó estas calificaciones con los puntajes promedio de personalidad derivados de las calificaciones de los observadores y auto-informes dentro de esas culturas.
Principales resultados:
- Las calificaciones de carácter nacional demostraron fiabilidad.
- Sin embargo, estas percepciones no convergieron con los rasgos de personalidad evaluados de los miembros de la cultura.
- Se encontró una divergencia significativa entre las características de personalidad percibidas y reales.
Conclusiones:
- Las percepciones de carácter nacional parecen ser en gran medida estereotipos infundados.
- Estos estereotipos pueden funcionar para preservar o reforzar un sentido de identidad nacional en lugar de reflejar la realidad.
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