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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Mate Choice01:20

Mate Choice

Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.For one, natural selection can only act upon existing genetic variation. Hypothetically, redtusks may enhance elephant survival by deterring ivory-seeking poachers. However, if there are no gene variants—or alleles—for redtusks, natural selection cannot increase the prevalence of...
Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.The genetics of speciation involves the different traits or isolating mechanisms preventing gene exchange, leading to reproductive isolation. Reproductive isolation can be due to reproductive barriers that have effects either before or after the formation of a zygote. Pre-zygotic mechanisms prevent fertilization from occurring, and post-zygotic mechanisms...
Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Who is Who? Non-invasive Methods to Individually Sex and Mark Altricial Chicks
08:14

Who is Who? Non-invasive Methods to Individually Sex and Mark Altricial Chicks

Published on: May 24, 2014

Selección sobre la plasticidad fenotípica hereditaria en una población de aves silvestres.

Daniel H Nussey1, Erik Postma, Phillip Gienapp

  • 1Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Post Office Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands. d.h.nussey@sms.ed.ac.uk

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 15, 2005
PubMed
Resumen

Las tetas grandes muestran una variación hereditaria en la plasticidad del tiempo reproductivo. La selección favorece estos rasgos plásticos, que se intensifican con el cambio climático para ayudar a las aves a adaptarse a la falta de disponibilidad de alimentos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
  • Comportamiento animal Comportamiento animal.
  • Adaptación al cambio climático Adaptación al cambio climático

Sus antecedentes:

  • Se teoriza que la plasticidad fenotípica evoluciona bajo la selección, pero la evidencia empírica de las poblaciones silvestres es escasa.
  • Comprender la evolución de la plasticidad es crucial para predecir las respuestas de las especies al cambio ambiental.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el potencial evolutivo de la plasticidad fenotípica en una población de aves silvestres.
  • Para determinar si la variación en el tiempo reproductivo de la plasticidad es hereditaria y sujeta a selección.

Principales métodos:

  • Estudió una población holandesa de grandes tetas (Parus mayor) durante 32 años.
  • Variación individual evaluada en el momento de la reproducción y su heredabilidad.
  • Analizó las presiones de selección sobre la plasticidad en relación con el cambio climático y la disponibilidad de presas.

Principales resultados:

  • Se ha documentado una variación hereditaria significativa en la plasticidad individual del tiempo de reproducción.
  • Se observó una selección intensificada que favorecía a individuos altamente plásticos durante el período de estudio de 32 años.
  • Correlacionó esta tendencia con los desajustes fenológicos inducidos por el cambio climático con las presas de las orugas.

Conclusiones:

  • La plasticidad fenotípica hereditaria en el tiempo de reproducción tiene un potencial evolutivo significativo en las poblaciones silvestres.
  • Las tetas grandes exhiben una evolución adaptativa de la plasticidad en respuesta al cambio climático.
  • La selección de la plasticidad puede facilitar la adaptación y mitigar los impactos negativos del cambio ambiental.