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Pérdida de especies y almacenamiento de carbono en un bosque tropical
Daniel E Bunker1, Fabrice Declerck, Jason C Bradford
1Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. deb37@columbia.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 22, 2005
Resumen
La pérdida de biodiversidad de los bosques tropicales tiene un impacto significativo en el almacenamiento de carbono. La composición de las especies futuras, no solo la pérdida de especies, influirá fuertemente en las reservas de carbono de los bosques tropicales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología Ecología Ecología.
- Silvicultura La silvicultura es la actividad forestal.
- Ciencia del Cambio Climático Ciencia del Cambio Climático
Sus antecedentes:
- La biodiversidad de los bosques tropicales está disminuyendo a nivel mundial.
- El impacto de esta pérdida de biodiversidad en los servicios cruciales del ecosistema como el almacenamiento de carbono sigue siendo poco conocido.
- Comprender estos efectos es vital para predecir la dinámica futura del carbono en los bosques.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar cómo la pérdida de especies de árboles tropicales afecta el almacenamiento de carbono.
- Para cuantificar la variación potencial en las reservas de carbono bajo diferentes escenarios de extinción.
- Determinar el papel de la composición de las especies en el mantenimiento del seguro biológico y el almacenamiento de carbono.
Principales métodos:
- Simuló escenarios de extinción de 18 especies de árboles distintas.
- Se utilizaron datos de una bien estudiada parcela de 50 hectáreas de bosque tropical en Panamá.
- Analizó la influencia de la pérdida de especies en las reservas de carbono en la superficie.
Principales resultados:
- Los escenarios de extinción simulados dieron como resultado una variación de más del 600% en las reservas de carbono sobre el suelo.
- El seguro biológico dentro del bosque varió en más de un 400% en todos los escenarios.
- La composición de las especies se identificó como un fuerte determinante del futuro almacenamiento de carbono.
Conclusiones:
- El almacenamiento futuro de carbono en los bosques tropicales es altamente sensible a la composición de las especies.
- La pérdida de biodiversidad puede conducir a cambios sustanciales en la capacidad de secuestro de carbono de los bosques.
- Las estrategias de conservación deben considerar la composición de las especies para mantener los servicios del ecosistema.
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