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Diabetes y trastornos asociados en Camboya: dos encuestas epidemiológicas
Hilary King1, Lim Keuky, Serey Seng
1Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, 67200 Strasbourg, France.
Lancet (London, England)
|November 8, 2005
Resumen
La diabetes y la hipertensión son sorprendentemente comunes en Camboya, afectando a una parte significativa de la población adulta. Muchos casos de diabetes siguen sin diagnosticarse, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de una mayor concienciación y detección en la región.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Trastornos metabólicos Los trastornos metabólicos son trastornos metabólicos que se producen en el cuerpo.
Sus antecedentes:
- La región de Asia-Pacífico se enfrenta a una alta carga de diabetes.
- Los datos estandarizados sobre la intolerancia a la glucosa en las poblaciones asiáticas son limitados.
- Este estudio presenta los hallazgos de dos encuestas de campo camboyanas realizadas en 2004.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para determinar la prevalencia y las características de la intolerancia a la glucosa en Camboya.
- Para evaluar las tasas de diabetes y tolerancia a la glucosa.
- Para investigar los factores asociados como la hipertensión y la obesidad.
Principales métodos:
- Se llevaron a cabo dos encuestas basadas en la comunidad en Siemreap (rural) y Kampong Cham (semiurbano).
- 2246 adultos mayores de 25 años fueron seleccionados al azar y examinados.
- Para el diagnóstico de la diabetes y la intolerancia a la glucosa se utilizaron los criterios de la OMS basados en los niveles de glucosa en sangre a 2 horas; también se registraron la presión arterial, la antropometría y la dieta.
Principales resultados:
- La prevalencia de la diabetes fue del 5% en Siemreap y del 11% en Kampong Cham.
- La prevalencia de trastornos de la tolerancia a la glucosa fue del 10% en Siemreap y del 15% en Kampong Cham.
- La prevalencia de la hipertensión fue del 12% (Siemreap) y del 25% (Kampong Cham); mayor obesidad central en Kampong Cham.
Conclusiones:
- La diabetes y la hipertensión son frecuentes en Camboya.
- Un cuarto de los adultos en la comunidad semi-urbana tenía intolerancia a la glucosa.
- Estos hallazgos son inesperados dado el estatus socioeconómico y el estilo de vida tradicional de Camboya.
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