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Impacto del cambio climático regional en la salud humana

Jonathan A Patz¹, Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum, Tracey Holloway

¹Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, 1710 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA. patz@wisc.edu

|November 18, 2005

Resumen

El cambio climático antropogénico, impulsado por el calentamiento y la precipitación alterada, causa más de 150,000 muertes anuales en todo el mundo. Esta revisión destaca la creciente evidencia que vincula las enfermedades sensibles al clima con el aumento de la morbilidad y mortalidad humana en todo el mundo.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud Ambiental Salud del medio ambiente.
Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
Epidemiología La epidemiología.

Sus antecedentes:

Las enfermedades humanas, incluidas las enfermedades cardiovasculares y respiratorias, la transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas y la desnutrición, están cada vez más vinculadas a las fluctuaciones climáticas.
Atribuir los cambios en las enfermedades al cambio climático es complejo debido a las limitaciones de los datos y a la confusión de factores socioeconómicos.
La Organización Mundial de la Salud estima que más de 150.000 muertes anuales están relacionadas con los impactos del cambio climático.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar la evidencia sobre las relaciones entre el clima y la salud.
Evaluar el impacto del cambio climático actual y proyectado en la salud humana.
Identificar las regiones vulnerables a los riesgos para la salud relacionados con el clima.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura de estudios científicos sobre el cambio climático y la salud.
Análisis de las tendencias de morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas con las fluctuaciones climáticas.
Identificación de regiones geográficas y poblaciones vulnerables.

Principales resultados:

La evidencia indica que las relaciones entre el clima y la salud plantean riesgos crecientes bajo las futuras proyecciones de cambio climático.
Las recientes tendencias de calentamiento ya han contribuido a una elevada morbilidad y mortalidad en numerosas regiones del mundo.
Las latitudes templadas, las regiones del Océano Pacífico / Índico, el África subsahariana y las áreas urbanas se identifican como particularmente vulnerables.

Conclusiones:

El cambio climático presenta una amenaza significativa y creciente para la salud pública mundial.
Se necesitan medidas urgentes para mitigar el cambio climático y adaptarse a sus impactos en la salud.
La investigación adicional con datos a largo plazo y de alta calidad es crucial para la atribución precisa y las intervenciones efectivas.

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