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La duración de la lactancia y la incidencia de la diabetes tipo 2
Alison M Stuebe1, Janet W Rich-Edwards, Walter C Willett
1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass 02115, USA.
JAMA
|November 24, 2005
Resumen
Una mayor duración de la lactancia reduce significativamente el riesgo de diabetes tipo 2 en las mujeres. Este hallazgo destaca los beneficios de la lactancia materna para la salud metabólica y la prevención de enfermedades.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud reproductiva y salud reproductiva.
- Endocrinología Endocrinología.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La lactancia influye positivamente en la regulación de la glucosa y la insulina, independientemente del peso.
- Comprender el impacto a largo plazo de la lactancia en la salud metabólica es crucial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la asociación entre la historia de la lactancia y la incidencia de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
- Para cuantificar la reducción del riesgo de diabetes tipo 2 con el aumento de la duración de la lactancia.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio prospectivo de cohorte observacional en el que participaron 83.585 mujeres en el Estudio de Salud de las Enfermeras (NHS).
- Estudio de cohorte observacional retrospectivo en el que participaron 73.418 mujeres en el Estudio de Salud de las Enfermeras II (NHS II).
- El análisis se centró en los casos incidentes de diabetes tipo 2 durante períodos de seguimiento prolongado.
Principales resultados:
- El aumento de la duración de la lactancia se correlacionó con un menor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2.
- Cada año adicional de lactancia se asoció con una disminución del 14-15% en el riesgo de diabetes entre las mujeres con un parto en los 15 años anteriores.
- Estas asociaciones se mantuvieron significativas después de controlar el índice de masa corporal y otros factores de riesgo de diabetes.
Conclusiones:
- La duración prolongada de la lactancia materna está relacionada con una menor incidencia de diabetes tipo 2 en grandes cohortes estadounidenses.
- La lactancia puede ofrecer protección contra la diabetes tipo 2 en las mujeres al mejorar la homeostasis de la glucosa.
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