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Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en cinco ciudades latinoamericanas (el estudio PLATINO): un estudio de

Ana Maria B Menezes¹, Rogelio Perez-Padilla, José Roberto B Jardim

¹Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. anamene@terra.com.br

Lancet (London, England)

|November 29, 2005

Resumen

La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es un problema de salud importante en América Latina, con una prevalencia que varía según la ciudad. Una mayor altitud puede contribuir a reducir las tasas de EPOC en algunas áreas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Medicina Pulmonar La medicina pulmonar es el tratamiento de las enfermedades pulmonares.
Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Salud Pública La salud pública.

Sus antecedentes:

La prevalencia y la mortalidad de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) están aumentando en los países de ingresos bajos y medios.
Existen datos epidemiológicos limitados para la EPOC en América Latina.

Objetivo del estudio:

Determinar la epidemiología de la EPOC en cinco grandes ciudades de América Latina a través del estudio PLATINO.
Evaluar la prevalencia de la EPOC e identificar los factores que contribuyen en la región.

Principales métodos:

Se empleó una estrategia de muestreo en dos etapas para seleccionar adultos de 40 años o más.
Los participantes completaron cuestionarios, antropometría y espirometría antes y después del broncodilatador.
La EPOC se definió por una relación de FEV1 / FVC post-broncodilatador por debajo de 0,7.

Principales resultados:

Los datos se recopilaron de 963 (São Paulo) a 1294 (Caracas) participantes en cinco ciudades.
La prevalencia bruta de la EPOC osciló entre el 7,8% en la Ciudad de México y el 19,7% en Montevideo.
La Ciudad de México mostró una prevalencia de EPOC ajustada significativamente más baja en comparación con otras ciudades.

Conclusiones:

La EPOC representa un problema de salud pública sustancial y subestimado en América Latina.
Las diferencias de altitud pueden explicar parcialmente las variaciones en la prevalencia de EPOC en las ciudades.
El aumento de la conciencia pública con respecto a la carga de la EPOC es crucial, especialmente teniendo en cuenta las altas tasas de consumo de tabaco.

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