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La señalización de ATP es crucial para la comunicación de las papilas gustativas a los nervios gustativos

Thomas E Finger¹, Vicktoria Danilova, Jennell Barrows

¹Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Aurora CO 80045, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|December 3, 2005

Resumen

El 5'-trifosfato de adenosina (ATP) se identifica como el neurotransmisor clave en la percepción del gusto. Este descubrimiento explica cómo las células receptoras del gusto se comunican con los nervios, impactando las respuestas a varios sabores.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
Biología Sensorial Biología Sensorial
Biología Molecular Biología Molecular

Sus antecedentes:

Las células receptoras del gusto en la cavidad oral detectan sustancias químicas y envían señales a los nervios gustativos.
El neurotransmisor específico que media esta vía de señalización del gusto no ha sido identificado.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para identificar el neurotransmisor responsable de la comunicación entre las células receptoras del gusto y los nervios del gusto.
Para dilucidar los mecanismos moleculares subyacentes a la transmisión de señales de sabor.

Principales métodos:

Nocaut genético de los receptores purinérgicos ionotrópicos (P2X2 y P2X3) en ratones.
Grabaciones electrofisiológicas de las respuestas del nervio del gusto a diversos estímulos.
Ensayos conductuales en ratones knockout para evaluar la percepción del gusto.
Estimulación in vitro de las papilas gustativas para medir la liberación de ATP.

Principales resultados:

La eliminación de los receptores P2X2 y P2X3 abolió las respuestas gustativas en los nervios, mientras que preservó las respuestas al tacto, la temperatura y el mentol.
Los ratones noqueados por P2X exhibieron respuestas conductuales significativamente reducidas a los edulcorantes, el glutamato y las sustancias amargas.
La estimulación de las papilas gustativas in vitro demostró la liberación de ATP.

Conclusiones:

El 5'-trifosfato de adenosina (ATP) actúa como el neurotransmisor primario en el sistema gustativo.
La señalización mediada por ATP a través de receptores purinérgicos es crucial para la percepción del gusto.
Este hallazgo establece el ATP como el vínculo entre las papilas gustativas y el sistema nervioso.

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