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Eventos adversos asociados con la vacunación contra la viruela en los Estados Unidos, enero-octubre de 2003
Christine G Casey1, John K Iskander, Martha H Roper
1Smallpox Vaccine Adverse Event Monitoring and Response Activity, Epidemiology and Surveillance Division, National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga 30333, USA. ccasey@cdc.gov
JAMA
|December 8, 2005
Resumen
El programa de preparación de la vacuna contra la viruela de EE.UU. monitoreó los eventos adversos, encontrando problemas cardíacos raros, pero no hay reacciones prevenibles que amenacen la vida. Las personas mayores vacunadas experimentaron eventos más graves, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de una vigilancia continua de seguridad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Vacunología Vacunología.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los Estados Unidos (DHHS) inició un programa de preparación de vacunas contra la viruela (vaccinia) en 2003.
- Se administraron vacunas a los primeros en responder ante posibles eventos de bioterrorismo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Informar sobre los hallazgos del sistema de monitoreo y respuesta de seguridad de la vacuna contra la viruela DHHS.
- Para analizar los datos de eventos adversos recopilados entre enero y octubre de 2003.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio descriptivo analizó los informes de eventos adversos del Sistema de Reporte de Eventos Adversos de Vacunas (VAERS) y los CDC.
- Los datos incluyeron a 37.901 voluntarios que recibieron la vacuna contra la viruela en 55 jurisdicciones.
- Se documentaron eventos adversos y tasas de notificación.
Principales resultados:
- Se administraron más de 38.000 vacunas con una tasa de recepción del 92%.
- Se informaron 822 eventos adversos (217 por cada 10.000 vacunados), con el 72% ocurriendo dentro de los 14 días.
- Los 100 eventos adversos graves incluyeron hospitalizaciones, discapacidades permanentes, enfermedades que ponen en peligro la vida y muertes, con eventos cardíacos inesperados.
Conclusiones:
- El riguroso cribado de seguridad y la educación pueden haber reducido las reacciones severas prevenibles.
- Las personas mayores revacunadas tuvieron tasas más altas de eventos adversos graves en comparación con las personas más jóvenes vacunadas por primera vez.
- La revisión oportuna de los datos de VAERS identificó eventos cardíacos raros pero significativos.
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