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Eventos adversos neurológicos asociados con la vacunación contra la viruela en los Estados Unidos, 2002-2004
James J Sejvar1, Robert J Labutta, Louisa E Chapman
1Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga 30333, USA. zea3@cdc.gov
JAMA
|December 8, 2005
Resumen
La vacunación contra la viruela puede causar eventos neurológicos, en su mayoría dolores de cabeza leves. Los eventos graves como la meningitis o la parálisis de Bell fueron raros y ocurrieron dentro de las tasas esperadas durante la campaña 2002-2004.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurología Neurología.
- Vacunología Vacunología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las complicaciones neurológicas son eventos adversos raros pero graves después de la vacunación contra la viruela.
- Las preocupaciones sobre los eventos neurológicos relacionados con la vacuna resurgieron con el programa de vacunación contra la viruela de los Estados Unidos (2002-2004) debido a la preparación para el bioterrorismo.
- Comprender estos riesgos es crucial para las iniciativas de salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para determinar las tasas de incidencia de eventos neurológicos asociados con la vacunación contra la viruela.
- Describir las características clínicas y los resultados de estos eventos neurológicos.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los informes de eventos adversos del Sistema de Reporte de Eventos Adversos de las Vacunas (VAERS).
- La inclusión de datos de más de 665.000 personas vacunadas por los Departamentos de Defensa y Salud y Servicios Humanos (2002-2004).
- Centrarse en los eventos neurológicos adversos temporalmente vinculados a la vacunación contra la viruela.
Principales resultados:
- Se informaron 214 eventos adversos neurológicos, siendo el dolor de cabeza el más común (95 casos).
- Los eventos graves incluyeron meningitis (13), encefalitis / mielitis (3), parálisis de Bell (11), convulsiones (8) y el síndrome de Guillain-Barré (3).
- La mayoría de los eventos graves ocurrieron dentro de los 12 días posteriores a la vacunación, particularmente en los vacunados primarios.
Conclusiones:
- Los eventos neurológicos reportados durante la campaña de vacunación contra la viruela 2002-2004 fueron generalmente leves y autolimitados.
- No se identificaron nuevos síndromes neurológicos con tasas que excedan las estimaciones iniciales.
- La incidencia de eventos neurológicos adversos graves se alineó con los rangos esperados para las complicaciones postvacunas.
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