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El largo camino hacia la seguridad del paciente: un informe de estado sobre los sistemas de seguridad del paciente
Daniel R Longo1, John E Hewett, Bin Ge
1Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, MO 65212, USA. longod@health.missouri.edu
JAMA
|December 15, 2005
Resumen
Los sistemas de seguridad de los pacientes en los hospitales muestran un progreso modesto desde los informes del Instituto de Medicina (IOM). Áreas clave como la seguridad de los medicamentos y el registro informatizado de órdenes médicas necesitan una mejora acelerada para cumplir con las recomendaciones de la OIM.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Mejora de la calidad de la atención sanitaria mejora de la calidad de la atención sanitaria
- Análisis de sistemas de seguridad del paciente Análisis de sistemas de seguridad del paciente
- Administración hospitalaria investigación de la administración del hospital.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los informes del Instituto de Medicina (IOM) resaltaron errores médicos y preocupaciones de calidad.
- Se produjo un cambio de paradigma, centrándose en los sistemas de atención en lugar de errores individuales.
- Las iniciativas de seguridad del paciente tienen como objetivo mejorar la calidad y proteger a los pacientes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el estado actual de los sistemas de seguridad del paciente en los hospitales.
- Identificar los cambios en los sistemas de seguridad del paciente a lo largo del tiempo.
- Evaluar el progreso después de los informes de la OIM en dos estados colaboradores.
Principales métodos:
- Encuestas de hospitales de cuidados agudos en Missouri y Utah en 2002 y 2004.
- Utilizó un cuestionario exhaustivo de 91 puntos.
- Se analizaron los cambios utilizando una cohorte de 107 hospitales que respondieron a ambas encuestas.
Principales resultados:
- El desarrollo y la implementación del sistema de seguridad del paciente fueron modestos.
- Algunos hospitales informaron una regresión en los sistemas de seguridad del paciente.
- Áreas como la cirugía mostraron fuertes sistemas de seguridad; la seguridad de los medicamentos mostró mejoras, pero la entrada computarizada de la orden del médico (CPOE) para los medicamentos solo se implementó en un 34.1%.
Conclusiones:
- Los sistemas de seguridad de los pacientes en los hospitales no cumplen con las recomendaciones de la OIM.
- El progreso en los sistemas de seguridad del paciente es lento y preocupante.
- Los esfuerzos acelerados son cruciales para mejorar la seguridad del paciente.
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