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Estado materno de vitamina D durante el embarazo y masa ósea infantil a los 9 años: un estudio longitudinal
M K Javaid1, S R Crozier, N C Harvey
1MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|January 10, 2006
Resumen
La insuficiencia materna de vitamina D durante el embarazo está relacionada con una menor masa ósea en los niños. La suplementación de mujeres embarazadas con vitamina D puede reducir el riesgo futuro de osteoporosis en la descendencia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La ciencia nutricional es una ciencia nutricional.
- Salud pediátrica de la salud.
- Metabolismo óseo Metabolismo óseo.
Sus antecedentes:
- La insuficiencia de vitamina D es prevalente en mujeres en edad fértil.
- Los factores ambientales de la vida temprana pueden influir en el riesgo de osteoporosis en adultos.
- La salud materna durante el embarazo afecta el desarrollo esquelético de la descendencia.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el impacto del estado materno de vitamina D durante el embarazo en el crecimiento esquelético infantil.
- Para determinar si los niveles maternos de vitamina D se correlacionan con la masa ósea de la descendencia a los 9 años.
- Explorar el papel del calcio y la exposición a los rayos UV-B en esta relación.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio longitudinal de 198 niños nacidos en Southampton, Reino Unido.
- Características maternas (estructura corporal, nutrición, estado de vitamina D) evaluadas durante el embarazo.
- Los niños fueron seguidos hasta los 9 años de edad para medir el tamaño corporal y la masa ósea.
Principales resultados:
- El 31% de las madres tenían niveles insuficientes y el 18% tenían niveles deficientes de vitamina D.
- Una menor cantidad de vitamina D materna se asoció con una reducción del contenido mineral de los huesos de todo el cuerpo y de la columna lumbar en los niños.
- Los niveles maternos de vitamina D se predijeron por la exposición a los rayos UV-B y la suplementación; ambos también predijeron la masa ósea infantil.
Conclusiones:
- La insuficiencia materna de vitamina D durante el embarazo se asocia con una reducción de la acumulación ósea en los niños.
- Esta asociación está mediada en parte por las concentraciones de calcio venoso umbilical.
- La suplementación de vitamina D para las mujeres embarazadas podría disminuir el riesgo de osteoporosis de la descendencia.
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