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La exposición materna al calor y los defectos del tubo neural
A Milunsky1, M Ulcickas, K J Rothman
1Center for Human Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118.
JAMA
|August 19, 1992
Resumen
La exposición temprana al calor durante el embarazo, particularmente de las bañeras de hidromasaje, saunas o fiebre, está relacionada con un mayor riesgo de defectos del tubo neural (DNT). El uso de mantas eléctricas no mostró una asociación significativa con NTDs.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud reproductiva y salud reproductiva.
- Teratología Teratología.
- Obstetrías y Obstetricia.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los defectos del tubo neural (DNT) son anomalías congénitas graves.
- La exposición materna a factores ambientales durante el embarazo temprano es una preocupación para el desarrollo fetal.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre la exposición materna a fuentes de calor (bañera de hidromasaje, sauna, fiebre, manta eléctrica) en el embarazo temprano y el riesgo de ETN.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio prospectivo de seguimiento de 23.491 mujeres sometidas a cribado prenatal.
- Los riesgos relativos (RR) y la regresión logística se utilizaron para evaluar la exposición al calor y la incidencia de NTD.
- Análisis ajustados controlados por edad materna, ácido fólico e historia familiar.
Principales resultados:
- Cualquier exposición al calor (baño de hidromasaje, sauna, fiebre, manta eléctrica) mostró un RR bruto de 1,6 para las NTD.
- La exposición a la bañera de hidromasaje, sauna o fiebre tuvo un RR bruto de 2.2 para las NTD.
- El RR ajustado para el uso de la bañera de hidromasaje fue de 2,8; la exposición combinada a dos fuentes de calor aumentó significativamente el riesgo de NTD (RR 6.2).
Conclusiones:
- La exposición materna a la bañera de hidromasaje, la sauna o la fiebre en el primer trimestre se asocia con un mayor riesgo de enfermedades de transmisión neuromuscular.
- El uso de bañeras de hidromasaje demostró la asociación más fuerte entre las exposiciones de calor únicas.
- La exposición a la manta eléctrica no se relacionó significativamente con un mayor riesgo de NTD.
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