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El sobrecalentamiento ultrarrápido y la fusión del hielo a granel

H Iglev¹, M Schmeisser, K Simeonidis

¹Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany. higlev@ph.tum.de

|January 13, 2006

Resumen

Los científicos demuestran el sobrecalentamiento del hielo excitando su modo de estiramiento OH. Esto permite que el hielo alcance temperaturas por encima de su punto de fusión sin derretirse, un fenómeno que anteriormente era difícil de lograr con el hielo.

Área de la Ciencia:

Química Física es la química física.
Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
La termodinámica es la termodinámica.

Sus antecedentes:

El sobrecalentamiento es un fenómeno conocido en los sólidos, donde la temperatura supera el punto de fusión sin transición de fase.
El hielo típicamente contiene defectos debido a la direccionalidad del enlace de hidrógeno, lo que dificulta el sobrecalentamiento.
Las simulaciones muestran que el hielo libre de defectos puede ser sobrecalentado, lo que sugiere una viabilidad experimental.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar la posibilidad de sobrecalentar el hielo experimentalmente.
Explorar métodos para lograr estados de sobrecalentamiento en el hielo.
Para entender el papel de las vibraciones moleculares en el comportamiento térmico del hielo.

Principales métodos:

Excitación del modo de estiramiento OH de las moléculas de agua en el hielo.
Observación experimental de cambios de temperatura en muestras de hielo.
Monitoreo del comportamiento del hielo durante un intervalo de 250 picosegundos a 270 K.

Principales resultados:

Se logra el sobrecalentamiento del hielo excitando el modo de estiramiento OH.
Se observó un aumento de temperatura promedio de 20 +/- 2 K.
Mantuvo el estado de sobrecalentamiento durante 250 picosegundos sin fundirse.

Conclusiones:

El sobrecalentamiento experimental del hielo es posible.
La excitación molecular dirigida puede superar las estructuras de defectos naturales en el hielo.
Este hallazgo abre nuevas vías para estudiar las propiedades del hielo y las transiciones de fase.

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